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Genome constitution and evolution of Elymus atratus (Poaceae: Triticeae) inferred from cytogenetic and phylogenetic analysis

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Abstract

Background

Elymus atratus (Nevski) Hand.-Mazz. is perennial hexaploid wheatgrass. It was assigned to the genus Elymus L. sensu stricto based on morphological characters. Its genome constitution has not been disentangled yet.

Objective

To identify the genome constitution and origin of E. atratus.

Methods

In this study, genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization, and phylogenetic analysis based on the Acc1, DMC1 and matK sequences were performed.

Results

Genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization results reveal that E. atratus 2n = 6x = 42 is composed of 14 St genome chromosomes, 14 H genome chromosomes, and 14 Y genome chromosomes including two H-Y type translocation chromosomes, suggesting that the genome formula of E. atratus is StStYYHH. The phylogenetic analysis based on Acc1 and DMC1 sequences not only shows that the Y genome originated in a separate diploid, but also suggests that Pseudoroegneria (St), Hordeum (H), and a diploid species with Y genome were the potential donors of E. atratus. Data from chloroplast DNA showed that the maternal donor of E. atratus contains the St genome.

Conclusion

Elymus atratus is an allohexaploid species with StYH genome, which may have originated through the hybridization between an allotetraploid Roegneria (StY) species as the maternal donor and a diploid Hordeum (H) species as the paternal donor.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our appreciation to Xuehua Deng for her management of the experimental plants. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 32270388 and 32200180) and the Science and Technology Bureau of Sichuan Province (23NSFSC1995).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Xichang, 615000, Sichuan, China

    Lu Tan

  2. Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China

    Lu Tan, Dan-Dan Wu, Yi-Ran Cheng, Xing Fan, Hou-Yang Kang, Yi Wang & Yong-Hong Zhou

  3. College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China

    Li-Na Sha & Hai-Qin Zhang

  4. State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China

    Dan-Dan Wu, Yi-Ran Cheng, Li-Na Sha, Xing Fan, Hou-Yang Kang, Yi Wang, Hai-Qin Zhang & Yong-Hong Zhou

  5. Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China

    Chang-Bing Zhang

  6. Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain

    Marcial Escudero

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  1. Lu Tan
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Table S1 The accession numbers of Acc1 gene sequences used in phylogenetic analysis; Table S2 The accession numbers of DMC1 gene sequences used in phylogenetic analysis; Table S3 The accession numbers of matK gene sequences used in phylogenetic analysis. Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

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Tan, L., Wu, DD., Zhang, CB. et al. Genome constitution and evolution of Elymus atratus (Poaceae: Triticeae) inferred from cytogenetic and phylogenetic analysis. Genes Genom 46, 589–599 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-024-01496-9

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