Abstract
Background
As waxy maize is considered a key economic crop in Korea, an understanding of its genetic variation and differentiation is fundamental for the selective plant breeding. The maize genome is primarily composed of transposable elements, for which large and stable insertions generate variations that reflect selection during evolution.
Objectives
This study was to elucidate the genetic diversity based on the contribution of TEs and to investigate the effect of Mu transposition on the genetic divergence of waxy and common maize. We also performed an association analysis on these inbred lines to determine the Mu insertions associated with agronomic traits.
Methods
In this study, we utilized a Mutator-based transposon display method to study the genetic diversity and population structure of 40 waxy and 40 common inbred lines of maize in the Gangwon Agricultural Research and Extension Services collection at the Maize Research Institute.
Results
We detected polymorphisms in 86.33% of 278 Mutator (Mu) anchored loci, reflecting the activity of the Mu element and its contribution to genetic variation. Common maize showed a substantial amount of genetic diversity, which was greater than that observed in waxy maize. Principal-coordinate and neighbor-joining cluster analyzes consistently supported the presence of two genetically distinct groups. However, the distribution of genetic variation within the populations was much higher than the genetic differentiation among the populations. To explore the contribution of the Mu element to phenotypic variation, we analyzed the associations with ten important agronomical traits. On the basis of the combined results from two models (QGLM and Q + KLM), we found significant associations between seven Mu loci and four different traits.
Conclusions
These results will assist waxy maize breeders in choosing parental lines and be useful for marker-assisted selection.
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development (Project Nos. PJ01315701 and PJ013157), Rural Development Administration (RDA), and Golden Seed Project (213009-05-3-WT812/PJ01265002201901) of iPET (Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) based on the fund of RDA, Republic of Korea.
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Ramekar, R.V., Sa, K.J., Park, KC. et al. Genetic differentiation of Mutator insertion polymorphisms and association with agronomic traits in waxy and common maize. Genes Genom 42, 631–638 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-020-00928-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-020-00928-6