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The fungal infections and their inhibition by Zinc oxide nanoparticles: an alternative approach to encounter drug resistance

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Abstract

Over the last few years, varieties of fungal infections have created a serious threat to human populations worldwide. Fungi are prone to develop infections mainly in immune-compromised individuals, like patients suffering from HIV/AIDS, diabetes, and hematological disorders. Alarmingly, this threat is continuously increasing with the use of the long-term therapeutic and prophylactic use of antifungal agents that have promoted the emergence of multi-drug resistant fungi. Therefore, there is a need to use alternative antifungal agents that will act even against multi-drug-resistant fungi. Among all nanoparticles zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) received much more attention worldwide due to their unique properties like diverse morphology, large surface area to volume ratio, biocompatibility, broad-spectrum antibacterial, antifungal activities, less sensitivity for the development of resistance towards micro-organisms and stay non-hazardous in the environment. This review aims to discuss the multiple drug resistance in fungi, the general properties of ZnO, their synthesis methods, their antifungal applications, their antifungal mechanism, and the nanotoxicity of ZnO. This review will offer a door for the use of ZnO NP-based materials as an alternative approach for treating multi-drug resistant fungal infections.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude towards Rayat Shikshan Sanstha’s S. M. Joshi College Hadapsar, Pune for providing lab facilities and infrastructure.

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  1. Rayat Shikshan Sanstha’s, S. M. Joshi College, Hadapsar, Pune, 411028, India

    Pranjali Mahamuni-Badiger & Charushila Nikam

  2. Appasaheb Jedhe College, Swargate, Pune, 411042, India

    Vishrut Ghare

  3. Bharti Vidyapeeth’s Dr. Patangrao Kadam Mahavidyalaya, Sangli, 416416, India

    Nilam Patil

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  1. Pranjali Mahamuni-Badiger
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PM conceived and designed the index and theme of the review along with manuscript preparation. CN helped literature search, VG and NP helped in editing, PM performed and finalized the revision.

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Correspondence to Pranjali Mahamuni-Badiger.

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Mahamuni-Badiger, P., Ghare, V., Nikam, C. et al. The fungal infections and their inhibition by Zinc oxide nanoparticles: an alternative approach to encounter drug resistance. Nucleus (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13237-023-00439-1

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