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Early presence/introduction of African and East Asian millets in India: integral to traditional agriculture

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Abstract

The spread of millets after domestication to different parts of the world, particularly to India, which cultivates the maximum number of millet crop species as staple food has been under debate. Common literature document’s introduction of exotic millets (pearl millet, sorghum, finger millet, proso millet, kodo millet, and foxtail millet) to India either during medieval or colonial period. However, recent reviews based on archaeobotanical evidence demonstrate their presence much early, in ancient times. The present mini review discusses this aspect with additional evidence from more archaeobotanical remains found in different parts of the Indian Subcontinent, phylogenetic studies, and linguistic and historical references. Ancient literature corroborates the presence of exotic millets in pre-historic times in India with the possibility of post-domestication evolution of feral or semi-domesticate types and cultigens, generating additional genetic diversity. Considering the conflicting views on the spread of millets and increasing global interest as nutritive cereals there is a need for further evolutionary investigations using both conventional and molecular techniques to accessions from different parts of the world to trace the footprints of genetic diversity and cultigens. Such studies, besides resolving the evolutionary issues shall help identify regions of useful genetic diversity that can be used for genetic improvement of millet crops.

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Singh, A.K. Early presence/introduction of African and East Asian millets in India: integral to traditional agriculture. Nucleus 66, 261–271 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13237-023-00435-5

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