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In vitro and in silico cholinesterase inhibitory potential of metabolites from Laurencia snackeyi (Weber-van Bosse) M. Masuda

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Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes deterioration in intelligence and psychological activities. Yet, till today, no cure is available for AD. The marine environment is an important sink of bioactive compounds with neuroprotective potential with reduced adverse effects. Recently, we collected the red algae Laurencia snackeyi from Terumbu Island, Malaysia which is known to be rich in halogenated metabolites making it the most sought-after red algae for pharmaceutical studies. The red alga was identified based on basic morphological characteristics, microscopic observation and chemical data from literature. The purplish-brown algae was confirmed a new record. In Malaysia, this species is poorly documented in Peninsular Malaysia as compared to its eastern continent Borneo. Thus, this study intended to investigate the diversity of secondary metabolites present in the alga and its cholinesterase inhibiting potential for AD. The extract inhibited both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC50 values of  14.45 ± 0.34 \(\upmu\)g mL-1 and 39.59 ± 0.24 \(\upmu\)g mL-1, respectively. Subsequently, we isolated the synderanes, palisadin A (1), aplysistatin (2) and 5-acetoxypalisadin B (3) that was not exhibit potential. Mass spectrometry analysis detected at total of 33 additional metabolites. The computational aided molecular docking using the AChE and BChE receptors on all metabolites shortlisted 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (31) and 15-hydroxy-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-piperidinyl]prost-13-ene-1,9-dione (42) with best inhibitory properties, respectively with the lowest optimal combination of S-score and RMSD values. This study shows the unexplored potential of marine natural resources, however, obtaining sufficient biomass for detailed investigation is an uphill task. Regardless, there is a lot of potential for future prospects with a wide range of marine natural resources to study and the incorporation of synthetic chemistry, in vivo studies in experimental design.

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Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements are due to the Marine Park Unit of Department of Fisheries, through Mr Albert Apollo Chan for organising and to the Expedition head, Dr Mohammed Rizman-Idid. We also convey our gratitude to Dr Yeong Hui Yin for the deposition of herbarium. This research is funded by the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) Program entitled ‘Development of Advanced Hybrid Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Technology for Low Carbon Society and Sustainable Energy System: First Experimental OTEC Plant of Malaysia’ funded by Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), and Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MoHE) and led by the Institute of Ocean Energy Saga University (IOES) of Japan, and UTM Ocean Thermal Energy Centre (UTM OTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). Registered Program Cost Centre: R.K130000.7809.4L887, Project [Cost Centre: Project No IF045-2019]. This manuscript is also an output for the SATU Joint Research Scheme Grant  between National Cheng Kung University (Project No. NCKU25) - Universiti Malaya (Project No. ST055-2021) and Universitas Airlangga (Project No. 1259/UN3.15/PT/2022) - Universiti Malaya (Project No. ST093-2022).

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Author notes

  1. Kishneth Palaniveloo, Kuan Hung Ong, Herland Satriawan, Shariza Abdul Razak, Suciati Suciati, Hung Hsin-Yi, Shin Hirayama, Mohammed Rizman-Idid, Jen Kit Tan, Yoong Soon Yong, and Siew-Moi Phang have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Advanced Studies Complex, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Kishneth Palaniveloo, Kuan Hung Ong, Herland Satriawan, Mohammed Rizman-Idid & Siew-Moi Phang

  2. Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Level 3, Research Management & Innovation Complex, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Kishneth Palaniveloo

  3. School of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Program, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia

    Shariza Abdul Razak

  4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus C-UNAIR, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, East Java, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia

    Suciati Suciati

  5. School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan

    Hsin-Yi Hung

  6. Regional Innovation Center, Saga University, 1, Honjo, Saga, 840-8502, Japan

    Shin Hirayama

  7. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Jen Kit Tan

  8. Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Yoong Soon Yong & Siew-Moi Phang

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  1. Kishneth Palaniveloo
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Contributions

Conceptualization, KP; methodology, KP, YYS, SS and HS; software, HS and JKT; validation, KP, SS, YYS, JKT and HS; formal analysis, KP, SS, YYS, JKT and HS; investigation, KP, SS, YYS, JKT and HS; resources, KP, SS OKH and HS; data curation, KP and SS; writing—original draft preparation, KP and OKH; writing—review and editing, KP, SS, OKH, SAR, PSM, MRI, SH, HSY; supervision, KP, SAR; project administration, KP; funding acquisition, SAR. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kishneth Palaniveloo.

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Palaniveloo, K., Ong, K.H., Satriawan, H. et al. In vitro and in silico cholinesterase inhibitory potential of metabolites from Laurencia snackeyi (Weber-van Bosse) M. Masuda. 3 Biotech 13, 337 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-023-03725-6

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