Abstract
Microbial carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZyme) can be harnessed for valorization of Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) to value-added chemicals/products. The two Indian Rivers Ganges and the Yamuna having different origins and flow, face accumulation of carbon-rich substrates due to the discharge of wastewater from adjoining paper and pulp industries, which could potentially contribute to the natural enrichment of LCB utilizing genes, especially at their confluence. We analyzed CAZyme diversity in metagenomic datasets across the sacred confluence of the Rivers Ganges and Yamuna. Functional annotation using CAZyme database identified a total of 77,815 putative genes with functional domains involved in the catalysis of carbohydrate degradation or synthesis of glycosidic bonds. The metagenomic analysis detected ~ 41% CAZymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass polymers- cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin. The Beta diversity analysis suggested higher CAZyme diversity at downstream region of the river confluence, which could be useful niche for culture-based studies. Taxonomic origin for CAZymes revealed the predominance of bacteria (97%), followed by archaea (1.67%), Eukaryota (0.63%), and viruses (0.7%). Metagenome guided CAZyme diversity of the microflora spanning across the confluence of Ganges-Yamuna River, could be harnessed for biomass and bioenergy applications.
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The raw sequencing data have been deposited at NCBI under the project accession number PRJNA716890. The samples raw data were deposited under NCBI SRA accession number SRX10447184, SRX10447183, SRX10447182, SRX10447181, SRX10447180, SRX10447179, SRX10447178, respectively.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Directors of CSIR-NCL, CSIR-NEERI for infrastructure and support. VR acknowledges CSIR-NCL for the fellowship support through NCIM technical services project. RS, RKY acknowledge CSIR and UGC respectively for the fellowship and AcSIR for academic support.
Funding
This work is the outcome of the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) program (GKC-01/2016-17, 212, NMCG- Research) under the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, New Delhi, India.
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All the authors have read and review the manuscript for submission. VR: analysis and writing original draft; RS: writing, editing, sample collection and sequencing RKY: editing and sequencing; MD: supervision, designing study, and reviewing.
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Rajput, V., Samson, R., Yadav, R. et al. Metagenomic mining of Indian river confluence reveal functional microbial community with lignocelluloytic potential. 3 Biotech 12, 132 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-022-03190-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-022-03190-7