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Protein improvement of banana peel through sequential solid state fermentation using mixed-culture of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Candida utilis

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Abstract

Banana peel (BP) is a major waste produced by fruit processing industries. Pre-treatment of BP at different temperatures led to 40% reduction in saponin at 100 °C (from 9.5 to 5.7 mg/g). Sequential mixed culture of Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium) and Candida utilis (C. utilis) gave highest protein enrichment (88.93 mg/g). There is 26% increase in protein synthesis (from 88.93 to 111.78 mg/g) after media screening. Inclusion of KH2PO4, FeSO4·7H2O, wheat flour and sucrose in the media contributed positively to protein synthesis, while elevated concentration of urea, peptone, K2HPO4, KCl, NH4H2PO4, and MgSO4.7H2O are required to reach optimum protein synthesis. Total soluble sugar (TSS), total reducing sugar (TRS) and total carbohydrate (CHO) consumption varied with respect to protein synthesis in all experimental runs. Optimum protein synthesis required 6 days and inclusion of 5% sucrose, 0.6% NH4H2PO4, 0.4% KCl, and 0.5% MgSO4·7H2O as concentration media constituents to reach 140.95 mg/g protein synthesis equivalent to 300% increase over the raw banana peel protein content (35.0 mg/g).

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Acknowledgements

The investigators thanked Research Management Center of International Islamic University Malaysia for their financial support in making this work a reality.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biotechnology Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bioenvironmental Engineering Research Centre (BERC), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, P.O.Box 10, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Kola Saheed Olorunnisola, Parveen Jamal & Md. Zahangir Alam

  2. Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria

    Kola Saheed Olorunnisola, Parveen Jamal & Md. Zahangir Alam

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  1. Kola Saheed Olorunnisola
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Correspondence to Kola Saheed Olorunnisola.

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Olorunnisola, K.S., Jamal, P. & Alam, M. Protein improvement of banana peel through sequential solid state fermentation using mixed-culture of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Candida utilis. 3 Biotech 8, 416 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-018-1435-4

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