Abstract
We report the fabrication of bio-formulated nanosheets with CNSL (Cashew Nut Shell Liquid), iron oxide nanoparticles, chitosan biopolymer and plant extracts from the sources of Mentha spicata L., Vitex negundo L., and Eucalyptus globulus M.) for improved efficacy in food packaging. The FTIR, SEM and AFM analyses revealed uniform distribution of iron oxide nanoparticles and nano-formulated bio-active compounds in the chitosan matrix. The EDAX analysis of the fabricated bio-formulated nanosheets confirmed the constituent elements of chitosan, CNSL, iron oxide and plant extracts. The bio-formulated nanosheets embedded with iron oxide nanoparticles of average size ~ 100 nm reflects an efficient thermal stability and barrier properties (UV, oxygen). Further studies of water imbibed bio-formulated nanosheets with the blending of CNSL along with iron oxide nanoparticles exhibited an excellent resistivity against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus). The study revealed that the bio-formulated nanosheets could be used as a potential barrier resist eco-packaging material.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aisida SO, Madubuonu N, Alnasir MH (2020) Biogenic synthesis of iron oxide nanorods using Moringa oleifera leaf extract for antibacterial applications. Appl Nanosci 10:305–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-019-01099-x
Al-Tayyar NA, Youssef AM, Al-hindi R (2019) Antimicrobial food packaging based on sustainable Bio-based materials for reducing foodborne Pathogens: a review. Food Chem 310:125915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125915
Azadbakht E, Maghsoudlou Y, Khomiri M, Kashiri M (2018) Development and structural characterization of chitosan films containing Eucalyptus globulus essential oil: potential as an antimicrobial carrier for packaging of sliced sausage. Food Packag Shelf Life 17:65–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.03.007
Balau L, Gabriela Lisa MI, Popa V, Tura VM (2004) Physico–chemical properties of Chitosan films. Cent Eur J Chem 2(4):638–647
Bao Y, Zhou Qi, Zhang M, Zhang H, Luan Q, Weijie Zhou Hu, Tang FH (2019) Wet-spun nanoTiO2/chitosan nanocomposite fibers as efficient and retrievable absorbent for the removal of free fatty acids from edible oil. Carbohydr Polym 210:119–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.035
Chaudhary P, Fatima F, Kumar A (2020) Relevance of nanomaterials in food packaging and its advanced future prospects. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 30:5180–5192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01674-8
Cui H, Surendhiran D, Li C, Lin L (2020) Biodegradable zein active film containing chitosan nanoparticle encapsulated with pomegranate peel extract for food packaging. Food Packag Shelf Life 24:100511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100511
Davar F, Hadadzadeh H, Alaedini TS (2016) Single-phase hematite nanoparticles: Non-alkoide sol-gel based preparation, modification and characterization. Ceram Int 42:19336–19342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.09.104
Giannakas A, Grigoriadi K, Leontiou A, Barkoula N-M, Ladavos A (2014) Preparation, characterization, mechanical and barrier properties investigation of chitosan-clay nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 108:103–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.019
Goudarzi V, Shahabi-Ghahfarrokhi I, Babaei-Ghazvini A (2017) Preparation of eco-friendly UV-protective food packaging material by starch/TiO2 bio-nanocomposite: characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 95:306–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.065
Iqbal T, Raza A, Zafar M et al (2021) Plant-mediated green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles for novel application to enhance the shelf life of tomatoes. Appl Nanosci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-021-02238-z
Johnson DR, Decker EA (2015) The role of oxygen in lipid oxidation reactions: a review. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 6:171–190. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-022814-015532
Kamdem DP, Shen Z, Nabinejad O, Shu Z (2019) Development of biodegradable composite chitosan-based films incorporated with xylan and carvacrol for food packaging application. Food Packag Shelf Life 21:100344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100344
Kaya M, Khadem S, Cakmak YS, Mujtaba M, Ilk S, Akyuz L, Salaberria AM, Labidi J, Abdulqadir AH, Deligoz E (2018) Antioxidative and antimicrobial edible chitosan films blended with stem, leaf and seed extracts of Pistacia terebinthus for active food packaging. RSC Adv 8:3941–3950. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA12070B
Keshk SMAS, El-Zahhar AA, Haija MA, Bondock S (2019) Synthesis of a magnetic nanoparticles/dialdehyde starch-based composite film for food packaging. Starch/staerke 71:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/star.201800035
Koosha M, Hamedi S (2019) Intelligent Chitosan_PVA nanocomposite films containing black carrot anthocyanin and bentonite nanoclays with improved mechanical, thermal and antibacterial properties. Prog Org Coat 127:338–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2018.11.028
Lei Y, Hejun Wu, Jiao C, Jiang Y, Liu R, Xiao Di, Junyu Lu, Zhang Z, Shen G, Li S (2019) Investigation of the structural and physical properties, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of pectin-konjac glucomannan composite edible films incorporated with tea polyphenol. Food Hydrocoll 94:128–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.03.011
Luchese CL, Garrido T, Spada JC, Tessaro IC, la Caba K (2018) Development and characterization of cassava starch films incorporated with blueberry pomace. Int J Biol Macromol 106:834–839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.083
Mamatha G, Sowmya P, Madhuri D, Mohan Babu N, Suresh Kumar D, Vijaya Charan G, Varaprasad K, Madhukar K (2021) Antimicrobial cellulose nanocomposite films with in situ generations of bimetallic (Ag and Cu) nanoparticles using Vitex negundo leaves extract. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 31:802–815. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01819-9
Marcet I, Weng S, Sáez-Orviz S, Rendueles M, Díaz M (2018) Production and characterisation of biodegradable PLA nanoparticles loaded with thymol to improve its antimicrobial effect. J Food Eng 239:26–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.06.030
Mehmood Z, Sadiq MB, Khan MR (2020) Gelatin nanocomposite films incorporated with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for shelf life extension of grapes. J Food Saf 40:e12814. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.12814
Oun A, Shankar S, Rhim J-W (2019) Multifunctional nanocellulose/metal and metal oxide nanoparticle hybrid nanomaterials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 60:435–460. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1536966
Priyadarshi R, Rhim J-W (2020) Chitosan-based biodegradable functional films for food packaging applications. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 62:102346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102346
Rafi MM, Ahmed KSZ, Nazeer KP (2015) Synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles on polysaccharide templates and their antibacterial activity. Appl Nanosci 5:515–520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-014-0344-z
Ramesh S, Radhakrishnan P (2020) Areca nut fiber nano crystals, clay nano particles and PVA blended bionanocomposite material for active packaging of food. Appl Nanosci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-020-01617-2
Sabapathy PC, Devaraj S, Anburajan P et al (2021) Active polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)/sugarcane bagasse fiber-based anti-microbial green composite: material characterization and degradation studies. Appl Nanosci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-021-01972-8
Shahbazi Y (2018) Application of carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan coatings containing Mentha spicata essential oil in fresh strawberries. Int J Biol Macromol 112:264–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.186
Siripatrawan U, Kaewklin P (2018) Fabrication and characterization of chitosan-titanium dioxide nanocomposite film as ethylene scavenging and antimicrobial active food packaging. Food Hydrocoll 84:125–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.04.049
Siripatrawan U, Vitchayakitti W (2016) Improving functional properties of chitosan films as active food packaging by incorporating with propolis. Food Hydrocoll 61:695–702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.06.001
Tadic M, Trpkov D, Kopanja L, Vojnovic S, Panjan M (2019) Hydrothermal synthesis of Hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticle forms: synthesis conditions, structure, particle shape analysis, cytotoxicity and magnetic properties. J Alloys Compd 792:599–609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.03.414
Telascrea M, Leao AL, Ferreira MZ, Pupo HFF, Cherian BM, Narine S (2014) Use of a Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Resin as a potential replacement for phenolic resin the preparation of panels—a review. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst 604:222–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2014.968509
Thakhiew W, Champahom M, Devahastin S, Soponronnarit S (2015) Improvement of mechanical properties of chitosan-based films via physical treatment of film-forming solution. J Food Eng 158:66–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.02.027
Vilela C, Pinto RJB, Coelho J, Domingues MRM, Daina S, Sadocco P, Santos SAO, Freire CSR (2017) Bioactive chitosan/ellagic acid films with UV-light protection for active food packaging. Food Hydrocoll 73:120–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.06.037
Wang S, Jing Yi (2017) Effects of formation and penetration properties of biodegradable montmorillonite/chitosan nanocomposite film on the barrier of package paper. Appl Clay Sci 138:74–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2016.12.037
Yaseen MW, Sufyan M, Nazir R (2021) Simple and cost-effective approach to synthesis of iron magnesium oxide nanoparticles using Alstonia scholaris and Polyalthia longifolia leaves extracts and their antimicrobial, antioxidant and larvicidal activities. Appl Nanosci 11:2479–2488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-021-02051-8
Zhang X, Li Y, Guo M, Jin TZ, Arabi SA, He Q, Ismail BB, Yaqin Hu, Liu D (2021a) Antimicrobial and UV blocking properties of composite chitosan films with curcumin grafted cellulose nanofiber. Food Hydrocoll 112:10633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106337
Zhang X, Li Y, Guo M, Jin TZ, Arabi SA, He Q, Ismail BB, Yaqin Hu, Liu D (2021b) Antimicrobial and UV blocking properties of composite chitosan films with curcumin grafted cellulose nanofiber. Food Hydrocoll 112:106337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106337
Acknowledgements
One of the authors Ruby Nirmala Mary would like to thank Anna University for the award of Anna Centenary Research Fellowship (ACRF) to carry out the research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mary, T.R.N., Jayavel, R. Fabrication of chitosan/Cashew Nut Shell Liquid/plant extracts-based bio-formulated nanosheets with embedded iron oxide nanoparticles as multi-functional barrier resist eco-packaging material. Appl Nanosci 12, 1719–1730 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-022-02377-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-022-02377-x