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Numerical simulation and study on heat and mass transfer in a hybrid ultrasound/convective dryer

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Abstract

Susceptibility of airborne ultrasonic power to augment heat and mass transfer during hot air dehydration of peppermint leaves was investigated in the present study. To predict the moisture removal curves, a unique non-equilibrium mathematical model was developed. For the samples dried at temperatures of 40‒70 °C and the power intensities of 0‒104 kW m−3, the diffusion of moisture inside the leaves and coefficients for of mass and heat transfer varied from 0.601 × 10–4 to 5.937 × 10–4 s−1, 4.693 × 10–4 to 7.975 × 10–4 m s−1 and 49.2 to 78.1 W m−2 K−1, respectively. In general, at the process temperatures up to 60 °C, all the studied transfer parameters were augmented in the presence of ultrasonic power.

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Abbreviations

A:

Leaf area (m2)

a:

Equation parameter

aw :

Water activity

b:

Equation parameter

Cp,da :

Specific heat of dry air (J kg−1 K−1)

Cp,ds :

Specific heat of dry solid (J kg−1 K−1)

Cp,v :

Specific heat of water vapor (J kg−1 K−1)

Cp,w :

Specific heat of water (J kg−1 K−1)

D:

Effective moisture diffusion in leaf (m2 s−1)

DAB :

Water diffusivity in air (m2 s−1)

Dp :

Bed diameter (m)

h:

Heat transfer coefficient (J m−2 K s−1)

hmv :

Mass transfer coefficient (m s−1)

k:

Thermal conductivity of leaf (W m−1 K−1)

ka :

Thermal conductivity of air (W m−1 K−1)

L:

Half thickness of leaf (m)

Lc :

Thickness of bed (m)

ma :

Mass flow rate of dry air (kg s−1)

mds :

Mass of dry leaf (kg)

mw :

Mass flow rate of moisture (kg m−3)

q:

Conduction heat flux (kJ s−1 m−2)

Qs :

Sorption heat (kJ kmol−1)

t:

Time (s)

Ta :

Air temperature (K)

Ta,ex :

Air temperature at bed outlet (K)

Ta,in :

Air temperature at bed inlet (K)

Ts :

Leaf temperature (K)

V:

Bed volume (m−3)

Va :

Air velocity (m s−1)

x:

Coordinate (m)

Xa :

Moisture content of outlet air (d.b.)

Xe :

Moisture content of inlet hot air (d.b.)

Z:

Dimensionless coordinate

ɛ:

Bed porosity (−)

μa :

Air viscosity (kg m−1 s−1)

ρda :

Dry air density (kg m−3)

ρds :

Dry solid density (kg m−3)

τ:

Moisture content of leaf (d.b.)

\(\overline{\tau }\) :

Average moisture content of leaf (d.b.)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100089, China

    Kaikang Chen

  2. National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China

    Kaikang Chen

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

    Mehdi Torki

  4. Department of Industrial Design, Faculty of Applied Arts, University of Art, Tehran, Iran

    Davoud Ghanbarian

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tiran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tiran, Iran

    Mohsen Beigi

  6. Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt

    Tarek Kh. Abdelkader

  7. Solar Energy Research Institute, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China

    Tarek Kh. Abdelkader

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  1. Kaikang Chen
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  2. Mehdi Torki
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  3. Davoud Ghanbarian
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  4. Mohsen Beigi
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  5. Tarek Kh. Abdelkader
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Contributions

KC: Writing—Review & Editing (Revision), MT: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data curation, Mathematical modeling, Validation, Writing original draft; DG: Conceptualization, Supervision, Review & Editing; MB: Data curation, Formal analysis, Mathematical modeling, Writing original draft; TKA: Formal analysis, Review & Editing.

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Correspondence to Mehdi Torki.

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Chen, K., Torki, M., Ghanbarian, D. et al. Numerical simulation and study on heat and mass transfer in a hybrid ultrasound/convective dryer. J Food Sci Technol 61, 1094–1104 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-023-05912-y

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