Abstract
Catechins in their free form are bitter in taste, and undergo deterioration and oxidation during processing and storage that limit their use as nutraceuticals in foods. Therefore, catechins were electrospun using zein as encapsulating polymer into nanofibres at 15, 18 and 21% w/w concentrations, 16, 20 and 24 kV applied voltage and 0.5 and 1.0 mL/h feed rate. The electrospinning conditions were optimized using Taguchi L18 (21 × 32) design. Encapsulation efficiency as high as 92.8% and mean fibre diameter as low as 95.2 nm were obtained at 18% concentration of zein, 0.5 mL/h feed rate and 20 kV applied voltage. Scanning electron and atomic force micrographs revealed that the nanofibres produced at zein concentration of 18% and above were clean and beadfree, with cylindrical morphology and non-porous topography. The hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential and polydispersity index of catechins-loaded nanofibres at optimized conditions were 172.3 nm, −26.3 mV and 0.15. FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry confirmed that catechins were encapsulated within the nanofibres. The catechins got released from loaded nanofibres in a controlled and sustained manner, while their antioxidant property was retained. The physico-chemical and sensory qualities of milk were not affected after fortification with catechins-loaded nanofibres.
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Acknowledgements
We are thankful to the Vice Chancellor, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal for the support rendered. Also, we acknowledge National Agricultural Science Fund (NASF) of ICAR and the DST, New Delhi (Grant No. VI-D&P/545/2016-17/TDT(G)) for providing some of the instrumentation facilities through sponsored grants.
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BR: Formal analysis; Investigation; Methodology; Writing-original draft. MEEF*: Conceptualization; Data curation; Investigation; Supervision; Visualization; Validation; Writing-original draft, review & editing. BGS: Formal analysis; Methodology; Writing-review & editing. HAP: Conceptualization; Formal analysis; Funding acquisition; Methodology; Software; Project administration; Validation. SNB: Funding acquisition; Project administration; Visualization. LNN: Formal analysis; Methodology; Data curation.
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Rajunaik, B., Franklin, M.E.E., Seethu, B.G. et al. Fabrication and characterization of electrospun catechins-loaded nanofibres for fortification of milk. J Food Sci Technol 61, 798–811 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-023-05891-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-023-05891-0