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The growing season impacts the accumulation and composition of flavonoids in grape skins in two-crop-a-year viticulture

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Abstract

The influence of growing season (winter vs. summer) on the flavonoid accumulation and composition was studied in the skins of three grape cultivars for two consecutive years under a two-crop-a-year viticulture practice in Southwest China. The total anthocyanin, flavonol and flavan-3-ol contents in winter berry skins were significantly higher than those in summer berry skins for ‘Kyoho’ and ‘Muscat Hamburg’. Reversely, the content of anthocyanin in ‘NW196’ winter berry was lower than summer berry. However, the percentage of diglycosylated, trihydroxylated, methylated, and acylated anthocyanins, trihydroxylated and methylated flavonols, and flavan-3-ol polymers were higher in the summer berry skins than the winter berry skins among all the three grape cultivars. Winter climatic conditions were favorable to flavonoid accumulation for the non native grapes ‘Kyoho’ and ‘Muscat Hamburg’, while the summer climatic conditions were beneficial to anthocyanin accumulation for ‘NW196’ that has 50% genetic background from a local wild grape species Vitis quinquangularis. These seasonal variations of flavonoid accumulations and compositions in the grape skins were primarily contributed by different climatic factors, such as temperature, solar radiation, and rainfall.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the Young Scientists Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31401828), China Agriculture Research System (grant no. CARS-30-yz-2), Bagui Scholar Fund of Guangxi, China (grant no. [2013]3), and Daqing Guiding Program of Science and Technology (Grant No. zd-2016-108) and Guangxi Project for Science and Technology Development (grant no. GuiKeAB16380150). We are grateful to Prof. Changqin Duan, Dr. Jianjun He and Dr. Nana Liang in the Center of Viticulture and Enology, China Agricultural University, for assisting in HPLC–MS/MS analysis of anthocyanins.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Food Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, People’s Republic of China

    Lei Zhu & Ying Wang

  2. School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China

    Lei Zhu & Jiang Lu

  3. Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, People’s Republic of China

    Yu Huang

  4. College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

    Yali Zhang & Changmou Xu

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  1. Lei Zhu
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  2. Yu Huang
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  3. Yali Zhang
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  4. Changmou Xu
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  5. Jiang Lu
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  6. Ying Wang
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Correspondence to Jiang Lu.

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Zhu, L., Huang, Y., Zhang, Y. et al. The growing season impacts the accumulation and composition of flavonoids in grape skins in two-crop-a-year viticulture. J Food Sci Technol 54, 2861–2870 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2724-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2724-3

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