Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Box-Behnken design based multi-response analysis and optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of bioactive flavonoid compounds from tea (Camellia sinensis L.) leaves

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Food Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The popularity of tea is increasing on the global aspect because of its role as a significant source of phenolic compounds in human diet. The objectives of this present study is to develop a supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction method suitable for extraction of phenolic compounds such as total phenolics, flavonoids and tannin from tea leaves at various extraction conditions such as extraction pressure (100–200 bar), temperature (40–60 °C) and co-solvent (ethanol) flow rate (1–3 g/min). Furthermore, the total antioxidant activity of the SC-CO2 tea leaves extracts was assessed using ABTS+ (2, 2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) method. Response surface methodology (RSM) combined with Box-Behnken design was used to investigate and optimize the process variables. The results showed that, extraction pressure and co-solvent flow rate have significant effect on the responses. From the experimental data, second order polynomial mathematical models were developed for each response with high coefficient of determination value (R 2 > 0.95). An optimization study using Derringer’s desired function methodology was performed and the optimal conditions based on both individual and combinations of all independent variables (extraction pressure of 188 bar, temperature of 50 °C and co-solvent flow rate of 2.94 g/min) were determined with maximum total phenolic content of 131.24 mg GAE/100 ml, total flavonoid content of 194.60 mg QE/100 ml, total tannin content of 49.99 mg TAE/100 ml and totalantioxidant activity of 262.23 μMol TEAC/100 ml of extracts respectively with a overall desirability value of 0.983, which was confirmed through validation experiments.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arnao MB, Cano A, Acosta M (2001) The hydrophilic and lipophilic contribution to total antioxidant activity. Food Chem 73:239–244

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bjorklund E, Jaremo M, Mathiasson L, Jonsson JA, Karlsson L (1998) Illustration of important mechanisms controlling mass transfer in supercritical fluid extraction. Anal Chim Acta 368:117–128

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brunner G (2005) Supercritical fluids: technology and application to food processing. J Food Eng 67:21–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chiu KL, Cheng YC, Chen JH, Chang CJ, Yang PW (2002) Supercritical fluid extraction of Ginkgo ginkgolides and flavonoids. J Supercrit Fluids 24:77–87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Derringer G, Suich R (1980) Simultaneous optimization of several response variables. J Qual Technol 12(4):214–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekren O, Ekren BY (2008) Size optimization of a PV/wind hybrid energy conversion system with battery storage using response surface methodology. Appl Energy 85(11):1086–1101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haggi TM, Anthony DD, Gupta S, Ahmad H, Lee MS, Kumar GK (1999) Prevention of collagen induced arthritis in mice by a polyphenolic fraction from green tea. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96(8):4524–4529

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han X, Cheng L, Zhang R, Bi J (2009) Extraction of safflower seed oil by supercritical CO2. J Food Eng 92:370–376

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hegarty VM, May HM, Khaw KT (2000) Tea drinking and bone mineral density in older women. Am J Clin Nutr 71:1003–1007

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hertog MGL, Hollman PCH, Katan MB, Kromhout D (1993) Estimation of daily intake of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids and their determinants in adults in the Netherlands. Nutr Cancer 20:21–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang W, Li Z, Niu H, Li D, Zhang J (2008) Optimization of operating parameters for supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of lycopene by response surface methodology. J Food Eng 89:298–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ixtaina V, Vega A, Nolasco S, Tomás M (2010) Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of oil from Mexican chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.): characterization and process optimization. J Supercrit Fluids 55:192–199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan N, Mukhtar H (2007) Tea polyphenols for health promotion. Life Sci 81:519–533

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar A, Prasad B, Mishra IM (2007) Process parametric study for ethane carboxylic acid removal onto powder activated carbon using Box–Behnken design. Chem Eng Technol 30(7):927–932

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lang Q, Wai CM (2001) Supercritical fluid extraction in herbal and natural product studies—a practical review. Talanta 53:771–782

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee YH, Charles AL, Kung HF, Ho CT, Huang TC (2010) Extraction of nobiletin and tangeretin from Citrus depressa Hayata by supercritical carbon dioxide with ethanol as modifier. Ind Crop Prod 31:59–64

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li B, Xu Y, Jin YX, Wu YY, Tu YY (2010) Response surface optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of kaempferol glycosides from tea seed cake. Ind Crop Prod 32:123–128

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lingzhao W, Bao Y, Xiuqiao D, Chun Y (2008) Optimisation of supercritical fluid extraction of flavonoids from Pueraria lobata. Food Chem 108:737–741

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Machmudah S, Shotipruk A, Goto M, Sasaki M, Hirose T (2006) Extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis using supercritical CO2 and ethanol as entrainer. Ind Eng Chem Res 45:3652–3657

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maran JP, Sivakumar V, Sridhar R, Thirgananasambandham K (2013) Development of model for barrier and optical properties of tapioca starch based films. Carbohydr Polym 92:1335–1347

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maron DJ, Lu GP, Cai NS, Wu ZG, Li YH, Chen H (2003) Cholesterol lowering effect of a theaflavin-enriched green tea extract: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 163(12):1448–1453

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marr R, Gamse T (2000) Use of supercritical fluids for different processes including new developments—a review. Chem Eng Process 39:19–28

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohajeri L, Aziz HA, Isa MH, Zahed MA (2010) Statistical experiment design approach for optimizing biodegradation of weathered crude oil in coastal sediments. Bioresour Technol 101:893–900

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Otake S, Makimura M, Kuroki T, Nishihara Y, Hirasawa M (1991) Anticaries effects of polyphenolic compounds from Japanese green tea. Caries Res 25:438–443

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park HS, Lee HJ, Shin MH, Lee KW, Lee H, Kim YS (2007) Effects of cosolvents on the decaffeination of green tea by supercritical carbon dioxide. Food Chem 105:1011–1017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pilavtepe M, Yucel M, Seref Helvaci S, Demircioglu M, Yesil-celiktas O (2012) Optimization and mathematical modeling of mass transfer between Zostera marina residues and supercritical CO2 modified with ethanol. J Supercrit Fluids 68:87–93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prakash Maran J, Manikandan S (2012) Response surface modeling and optimization of process parameters for aqueous extraction of pigments from prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) fruit. Dye Pigment 95:465–472

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prakash Maran J, Manikandan S, Thirugnanasambandham K, Vigna Nivetha C, Dinesh R (2013a) Box-Behnken design based statistical modeling for ultrasound-assisted extraction of corn silk polysaccharide. Carbohydr Polym 92:604–611

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prakash Maran J, Manikandan S, Vigna Nivetha C, Dinesh R (2013b) Ultrasound assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from Nephelium lappaceum L. fruit peel using central composite face centered response surface design. Arab J Chem. doi:10.1016/J.arabjc.2013.02.007

    Google Scholar 

  • Prakash Maran J, Mekala V, Manikandan S (2013c) Modeling and optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Cucurbita moschata. Carbohydr Polym 92:2018–2026

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prakash Maran J, Sivakumar V, Sridhar R, Prince Immanuel V (2013d) Development of model for mechanical properties of tapioca starch based films. Ind Crop Prod 42:159–168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prakash Maran J, Sivakaumar V , Thirgananasambandham K, Sridhar R (2013e) Model development and process optimization for solvent extraction of polyphenols from red grapes using Box- Behnken design. Prep Biochem Biotech. doi:10.1080/10826068.2013.791629

  • Priya B, Viswanathan R, Vairamani M (2013) Response surface optimisation of process variables for microencapsulation of garlic (Allium sativum L.) oleoresin by spray drying. Biosyst Eng 114:205–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rostagno MA, Araújo JMA, Sandi D (2002) Supercritical fluid extraction of isoflavones from soybean flour. Food Chem 78:111–117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salgin S, Salgin U (2006) Supercritical fluid extraction of walnut kernel oil. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 108:577–582

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scalia S, Giuffreda L, Pallado P (1999) Analytical and preparative supercritical fluid extraction of Chamomile flowers and its comparison with conventional methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 21:549–558

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shirin Adel PR, Prakash J (2010) Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of ginger root (Zingiber officinale). J Med Plant Res 4(24):2674–2679

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soto C, Conde E, Moure A, Zúñiga ME, Dominguez H (2008) Supercritical extraction of borage seed oil coupled to conventional solvent extraction of antioxidants. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 110:1035–1044

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vatai T, Kerget MS, Knez Z (2009) Extraction of phenolic compounds from elder berry and different grape marc varieties using organic solvents and/or supercritical carbon dioxide. J Food Eng 90:246–254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinson JA, Zhang J (2005) Black and green teas equally inhibit diabetic cataracts in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of diabetes. J Agric Food Chem 53(9):3710–3713

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinson JA, Teufel K, Wu N (2004) Green and black teas inhibit atherosclerosis by lipid, antioxidant, and fibrinolytic mechanisms. J Agric Food Chem 52:3661–3665

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Young W, Hotovec RL, Romero AG (1967) Tea and atherosclerosis. Nature 216:1015–1016

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhishen J, Mengchang T, Jianming W (1999) The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chem 64:555–559

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Technology, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode, 638052, Tamil Nadu, India

    J. Prakash Maran

  2. Department of Food Process Engineering, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India

    S. Manikandan, B. Priya & P. Gurumoorthi

  3. Department of Food Process Engineering, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India

    B. Priya

Authors
  1. J. Prakash Maran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Manikandan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. B. Priya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. P. Gurumoorthi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to B. Priya.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Maran, J.P., Manikandan, S., Priya, B. et al. Box-Behnken design based multi-response analysis and optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of bioactive flavonoid compounds from tea (Camellia sinensis L.) leaves. J Food Sci Technol 52, 92–104 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-013-0985-z

Download citation

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-013-0985-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation