Abstract
Objectives
Experimental findings have shown that pain increased alcohol urge and intention to use alcohol, and that this relation was mediated by pain-induced negative affect. We sought to extend this research by examining (a) whether dispositional mindfulness moderates the indirect effect of experimental pain induction on alcohol use proxies via negative affect and (b) whether the five mindfulness facets, tested independently, differentially moderate the mediation model.
Methods
Secondary data analysis of a repeated measures experimental study was conducted using moderated mediation analyses. Participants included 61 undergraduate students (Mage = 18.7, SD = 0.82; 50.8% male) who endorsed risky drinking.
Results
Results showed that the index of moderated mediation was significant for the mindfulness facets of observing, describing, and non-reactivity. Specifically, pain increased alcohol use proxies via increased negative affect for participants who were either low in non-reactivity or high in the observing or describing mindfulness facets. Conversely, negative affect was less important in the pain-alcohol relation for individuals high in non-reactivity or low in observing or describing mindfulness facets. There were no significant moderating effects of overall mindfulness or the awareness and non-judging facets.
Conclusions
The differential relations of mindfulness facets found in this study highlight the need to consider the multifaceted nature of mindfulness when exploring the physical pain and alcohol relation. Further research should confirm whether lower levels of non-reactivity and higher levels of observing or describing may be indicators that an individual suffering from pain-related alcohol use will benefit from pain treatment that targets pain-related negative affect.
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Funding
This work was supported by a Syracuse University Department of Psychology Master’s Thesis Award to Dezarie Moskal, and 2K05 AA16928 and R01 AA024844 from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The funding sources had no role other than financial support.
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DM: designed and executed the study, analyzed the data, and wrote the paper. MJD: assisted with analyzing data and writing part of the result and editing the final manuscript. SAM: collaborated with the design and writing of the study and editing the final manuscript. All authors contributed in a significant way to the manuscript and have read and approved the final manuscript.
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Moskal, D., De Vita, M.J. & Maisto, S.A. Pain-Induced Alcohol Urge and Intention to Drink: the Role of Dispositional Mindfulness. Mindfulness 11, 660–671 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01272-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01272-x