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Friction Stir Processing of ZM21-nHA Surface Ceramic Nano-Composites in Simulated Body Fluid

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Abstract

Friction stir processing (FSP) was applied to incorporate nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) into magnesium alloy ZM21, resulting in a nano-composite with very small grain size. Addition of nHA particles enhances biomineralization and delay magnesium degradation, and grain refinement through FSP. At stir zones of FSP ZM21 and FSP ZM21-nHA composite, grain size decreased from 56 to 20 µm. The small grain structure of the ZM21-nHA composite was found to increase wettability in studies that included a 72-h immersion in super-saturated simulated body fluid (SBF 5×). The nHA particles also stimulated heterogeneous nucleation, which promoted the rapid initiation and expansion of the calcium phosphate mineral phase. In addition, nHA particles served as nucleation sites, leading to the composite’s quick biomineralization. After 72 h of immersion, the FSP ZM21 and FSP ZM21-nHA composite improved biomineralization, reducing the degradation caused by localized pitting.

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  1. B S Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Mohd Muzammiluddin & M. Thirumurugan

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  1. Mohd Muzammiluddin
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  2. M. Thirumurugan
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Correspondence to M. Thirumurugan.

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Muzammiluddin, M., Thirumurugan, M. Friction Stir Processing of ZM21-nHA Surface Ceramic Nano-Composites in Simulated Body Fluid. Trans Indian Inst Met 77, 657–665 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-023-03151-5

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