Abstract
In the present research, geographic information system-based analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and data-driven evidential belief function (EBF) models were used for groundwater potential mapping (GPM) in the lower Dwarkeswar basin, India. For the purpose of GPM, a total of 38 groundwater wells locations with high discharge rate (3 l s−1) were selected to prepare a well-inventory map. These locations were randomly divided into training (70%) and validation (30%) datasets. Considering the physical characteristics of the study area, nine groundwater conditioning factors, namely lithology, distance to lineaments, geomorphology, distance to streams, land use and landcover, slope, drainage density, curvature, and soil texture were derived from various sources. The training locations were used to determine the spatial relationship between these conditioning factors and the presence of groundwater. Then, groundwater potential maps were prepared using AHP and EBF models. Finally, an ensemble approach has been introduced for GPM by combing the results of the AHP and EBF models. The area under the curve method was used to validate the models and compare their performance. Validation results indicated that the ensemble model had the highest prediction accuracy (AUC = 84.18%) in groundwater potential mapping, followed by the EBF (AUC = 83.28%) and APH (AUC = 76.33%) models. According to the ensemble model, the south-eastern part of the study area has high potential for groundwater due to the gentle slope, permeable lithology and very low drainage density.
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Availability of data and material
All the relevant data have been provided in the tables and are available in the public domain. Satellite data and DEM used in the present study were freely downloaded from the USGS Earth Explorer website. Topographical sheets are available in the Survey of India. Lithological stratigraphy and depth of water level data were available in the State Water Investigation Directorate, Government of West Bengal. Sources of all other data have been described properly.
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Acknowledgements
The author is grateful to the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) and State Water Investigation Directorate (SWID) for providing necessary data free of cost. The author would also like to thank Mr. Mithun Ray, Assistant professor, Malda College, for assisting in the fieldwork. The author is also very much thankful to an anonymous reviewer for critically reviewing the manuscript and providing a number of constructive suggestions that significantly improved this paper.
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The work has been carried out under the financial assistance of University Grant commission, New Delhi.
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Ghosh, B. Spatial mapping of groundwater potential using data-driven evidential belief function, knowledge-based analytic hierarchy process and an ensemble approach. Environ Earth Sci 80, 625 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09921-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09921-y