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Characterization of Hexane-Defatted Brassica carinata Oilseed Meals to Explore Their Potential for Valorization Towards a Sustainable Circular Bioeconomy

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Abstract

A biofuel (bio-jet fuel) plant’s output streams, such as defatted oilseed meals, may be utilized as an effective resource utilization approach, to produce a wide range of co-products and establish a carinata-based circular bioeconomy. In the present study, four hexane-defatted oilseed meals of Brassica carinata cultivars were investigated. The proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopic analysis, bomb calorimetric digestion and determination of energy densities were used to characterize the samples. The proximate analysis of the meals revealed the following values: total moisture content (7.69−9.23%), crude fat (9.70−16.90%), crude protein (41.21−45.50%), crude fiber (21.32−28.35%), total ash (4.22−4.60%), total carbohydrate (1.00−14.69%), volatile matter (81.58−83.68%), and fixed carbon content (11.99−13.94%). The ultimate compositions were determined to be carbon (50.5−52.7%), hydrogen (7.35−7.70%), nitrogen (5.65−6.85%), sulfur (1.13−1.38%), and oxygen (31.4−33.45%). Furthermore, the hydrogen-to-carbon, oxygen-to-carbon, and carbon-to-nitrogen atomic ratios for the meals were found to be 1.73−1.77, 0.45−0.49 and 8.60−10.58, respectively. The higher and lower heating values were observed to vary from 20.15 to 23.75 MJ/kg and 19.65 to 22.10 MJ/kg, respectively. The macronutrient composition of samples was relatively higher in ascending order of magnesium, calcium, phosphorous and potassium; however, the concentrations of the micronutrients (aluminum, iron and zinc) were slightly lower. According to the findings of the present investigation, the meals have distinctive qualities making them preferable alternatives compared to other oilseed meals. The meals can be utilized for a variety of industrial applications, including protein supplements in the feed industry, alternative organic fertilizers (organic amendment), and biofumigation (soil amendment). They are also potential alternative feedstocks for thermochemical conversion processes used to produce a range of intermediate products, one of which is bio-oil, which can be applied to produce advanced fuels.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the Holetta Agricultural Research Center for providing us with the cultivated Brassica carinata seed samples. We sincerely thank Prof. Ange Nzihou, the Editor-in-Chief, for his strong efforts during this peer review process. In addition, we are very grateful to appreciate the anonymous reviewers for their time, efforts, comments, and recommendations.

Funding

The author, Zinnabu Tassew Redda, would like to extend his heartfelt gratitude to the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for funding the scholarship, the University of Applied Sciences (HTW) Berlin (technical assistance), and Addis Ababa University for its financial and technical support (Grant Number: Ph.D. RG-GSR/1466/10).

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  1. School of Chemical and Bio Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, King George VI St., P.O. Box 385, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Zinnabu Tassew Redda, Abubeker Yimam & S. Anuradha Jabasingh

  2. Faculty 1, University of Applied Sciences (HTW) Berlin, Wilhelminenhofstraße 75A, 12459, Berlin, Germany

    Zinnabu Tassew Redda, Asnakech Laß-Seyoum & Mirko Barz

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Contributions

The conceptualization, project management, resource acquisition, methodology and original manuscript writing were undertaken by ZTR. Investigation and supervision of activities were performed by authors ALS and AY. Data curation was performed by MB. Data review, formal analysis, writing, and editing of the manuscript were performed by ZTR and SAJ.

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Redda, Z.T., Laß-Seyoum, A., Yimam, A. et al. Characterization of Hexane-Defatted Brassica carinata Oilseed Meals to Explore Their Potential for Valorization Towards a Sustainable Circular Bioeconomy. Waste Biomass Valor 15, 1185–1197 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02248-8

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