Skip to main content
Log in

Influence of Silica Rich CRT and BN on Mechanical, Wear and Corrosion Characteristics of Copper- Surface Composite Processed Through Friction Stir Processing

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Silicon Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The center of attention of current research lies on utilizing E-waste cathode ray tube (CRT) glass as reinforcement to develop copper hybrid surface composites through friction stir processing route. Pure copper is taken as base material which is reinforced with different volume % of CRT glass (5, 10 & 15) and fixed amount (2%) of BN. The particle size of the reinforced CRT and BN particles are 30 µm and 10 µm respectively. The developed surface composite was characterized for microstructure through optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, density, micro hardness, tensile properties and wears behavior. The analysis confirms the presence of reinforcements in the matrix and also evidence for recrystallization. Density of the MMC is found decreasing while the hardness increases with addition of CRT & BN. The tensile and yield strength of unprocessed Cu is superior to that of MMC whereas it enhanced with raise in reinforcement content. Wear resistance of Cu depicts incremental trend with respect to reinforcement’s addition. Scanning electron microscope was used to understand the worn out surface morphology and wear mechanism. Corrosion results depict that increase in CRT addition decrease the corrosion current density of surface composite.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lei L, He X, Xing B, Zhao D, Gu F, Ball A (2019) Effect of foam copper interlayer on the mechanical properties and fretting wear of sandwich clinched joints. J Mater Process Technol 274:116285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Yang HM, Guo Z, Xiong SM (2020) Microstructure and mechanical properties of high-pressure die cast pure copper. J Mater Process Technol 275:116377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Huang S-J, Ali AN (2019) Experimental investigations of effects of SiC contents and severe plastic deformation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SiCp/AZ61 magnesium metal matrix composites. J Mater Process Technol 272:28–39

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bai W, Roy A, Sun R, Silberschmidt VV (2019) Enhanced machinability of SiC-reinforced metal-matrix composite with hybrid turning. J Mater Process Technol 268:149–161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Poo-arporn Y, Duangnil S, Bamrungkoh D, Klangkaew P, Huasranoi C, Pruekthaisong P, Boonsuya S, Chaiprapa J, Ruangvittayanon A, Saisombat C (2020) Gas tungsten arc welding of copper to stainless steel for ultra-high vacuum applications. J Mater Process Technol 277:116490

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Jadhav SD, Dadbakhsh S, Goossens L, Kruth JP, Van Humbeeck J, Vanmeensel K (2019) Influence of selective laser melting process parameters on texture evolution in pure copper. J Mater Process Technol 270:47–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Pachaury Y, Shin YC (2019) Assessment of sub-surface damage during machining of additively manufactured Fe-TiC metal matrix composites. J Mater Process Technol 266:173–183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Chang CI, Du XH, Huang JC (2007) Achieving ultrafine grain size in Mg–Al–Zn alloy by friction stir processing. Scr Mater 57:209–212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ci. Chang XH, Du JC, Huang (2008) Producing nanograined microstructure in Mg–Al–Zn alloy by two-step friction stir processing. Scr Mater 59:356–359

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Jang YH, Kim SS, Han SZ, Lim CY, Kim CJ, Goto M (n.d.) Effect of trace phosphorous on tensile behavior of accumulative roll bonded oxygen-free copper

  11. Wang Y, Chen M, Zhou F, Ma E (2002) High tensile ductility in a nanostructured metal. Nature 419:912

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Shafiei-Zarghani A, Kashani-Bozorg SF, Zarei-Hanzaki A (2009) Microstructures and mechanical properties of Al/Al2O3 surface nano-composite layer produced by friction stir processing. Mater Sci Eng A 500:84–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Rabinowicz E, Tanner RI (1966) Friction and wear of materials. J Appl Mech 33:479

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Asadi P, Faraji G, Besharati MK (2010) Producing of AZ91/SiC composite by friction stir processing (FSP). Int J Adv Manuf Technol 51:247–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Gan Y, Solomon D, Reinbolt M (2010) Friction stir processing of particle reinforced composite materials. Materials (Basel) 3:329–350

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Barmouz M, Asadi P, Givi MKB, Taherishargh M (2011) Investigation of mechanical properties of Cu/SiC composite fabricated by FSP: Effect of SiC particles’ size and volume fraction. Mater Sci Eng A 528:1740–1749

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Sarmadi H, Kokabi AH, Reihani SMS (2013) Friction and wear performance of copper–graphite surface composites fabricated by friction stir processing (FSP). Wear 304:1–12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Soorya Prakash K, Kanagaraj A, Gopal PM (2015) Dry sliding wear characterization of Al 6061/rock dust composite. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China (English Ed) 25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(15)64036-5

  19. Soorya Prakash K, Sathiya Moorthy R, Gopal PM, Kavimani V (2016) Effect of reinforcement, compact pressure and hard ceramic coating on aluminium rock dust composite performance. Int J Refract Met Hard Mater 54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2015.07.037

  20. Sharma S, Dwivedi SP (2017) Effects of waste eggshells and SiC addition on specific strength and thermal expansion of hybrid green metal matrix composite. J Hazard Mater 333:1–9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Kumar H, Prasad R, Srivastava A, Vashista M, Khan MZ (2018) Utilisation of industrial waste (Fly ash) in synthesis of copper based surface composite through friction stir processing route for wear applications. J Clean Prod 196:460–468

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Andreola F, Barbieri L, Corradi A, Lancellotti I (2007) CRT glass state of the art A case study: Recycling in ceramic glazes 27: 1623–1629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2006.05.009

  23. Gopal PM, Soorya Prakash K, Nagaraja S, Kishore N, Aravinth (2017) Effect of weight fraction and particle size of CRT glass on the tribological behaviour of Mg-CRT-BN hybrid composites, Tribol Int 116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2017.07.025

  24. Soorya Prakash K, Gopal PM, Kavimani V (2017) Effect of rock dust, cenosphere and E-waste glass addition on mechanical, wear and machinability behaviour of Al 6061 hybrid composites. Indian J Eng Mater Sci 24(4): 270–282

  25. Marimuthu S, Dunleavey J, Liu Y, Smith B, Kiely A, Antar M (2019) Characteristics of hole formation during laser drilling of SiC reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites. J Mater Process Technol 271:554–567

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Yin W, Duan C, Sun W, Wei B (2020) Analytical model of cutting temperature for workpiece surface layer during orthogonal cutting particle reinforced metal matrix composites. J Mater Process Technol 282:116643

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Khosravi J, Givi MKB, Barmouz M, Rahi A (2014) Microstructural, mechanical, and thermophysical characterization of Cu/WC composite layers fabricated via friction stir processing. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 74:1087–1096

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Thankachan T, Prakash KS (2017) Microstructural, mechanical and tribological behavior of aluminum nitride reinforced copper surface composites fabricated through friction stir processing route. Mater Sci Eng A 688:301–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.02.010

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Woo W, Feng Z, Clausen B, David SA (2017) In situ neutron diffraction analyses of temperature and stresses during friction stir processing of Mg-3Al-1Zn magnesium alloy. Mater Lett 196:284–287

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Joo HS, Hwang SK, Kim YN, Im Y-T (2017) Effect of continuous hybrid process on mechanical and electrical properties of rectangular pure copper wire. J Mater Process Technol 244:51–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. He J, Sirois D, Li S, Sullivan M, Wikle C, Chin BA (2016) Ballistic impact welding of copper to low carbon steel. J Mater Process Technol 232:165–174

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Paranthaman P, Gopal PM, Kumar NS (2019) Characterization of economical aluminium MMC reinforced with weld slag particles. In: Adv Manuf Technol, Springer, Berlin, pp 9–16

  33. Daniel AA, Murugesan S, Sukkasamy S (2017) Dry sliding wear behaviour of aluminium 5059/SiC/MoS2 hybrid metal matrix composites. Mater Res 20:1697–1706

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Daniel SAA, Sakthivel M, Gopal PM, Sudhagar S (2018) Study on tribological behaviour of Al/SiC/MoS 2 hybrid metal matrix composites in high temperature environmental condition. Silicon 10:2129–2139

  35. Mahmoud ERI, Takahashi M, Shibayanagi T, Ikeuchi K (2010) Wear characteristics of surface-hybrid-MMCs layer fabricated on aluminum plate by friction stir processing. Wear 268:1111–1121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Bajwa S, Rainforth WM, Lee WE (2005) Sliding wear behaviour of SiC–Al2O3 nanocomposites. Wear 259:553–561

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Aldajah SH, Ajayi OO, Fenske GR, David S (2009) Effect of friction stir processing on the tribological performance of high carbon steel. Wear 267:350–355

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Lim CYH, Lim SC, Gupta M (2003) Wear behaviour of SiCp-reinforced magnesium matrix composites. Wear 255:629–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648(03)00121-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Zhan Y, Zhang G (2003) The effect of interfacial modifying on the mechanical and wear properties of SiCp/Cu composites. Mater Lett 57:4583–4591

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gopal P.M..

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

P.M., G., V., K. Influence of Silica Rich CRT and BN on Mechanical, Wear and Corrosion Characteristics of Copper- Surface Composite Processed Through Friction Stir Processing. Silicon 13, 3431–3440 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00764-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00764-z

Keywords

Navigation