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Influence of Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment Parameters on the Residual Stress of EN8 Steel

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Abstract

The present article addresses the influence of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) parameters such as a size of the balls (2, 5 and 8 mm ∅ 316L stainless steel (SS) balls) and treatment time (15, 30, 45 and 60 min) on the microstructural features, deformation characteristics, surface roughness and compressive residual stress induced on EN 8 steel. The effective deformation is ~ 25 μm from the top surface along with elongated grains in the near subsurface region. The decrease in crystallite size and an increase in micro-strain become more pronounced during SMAT using balls with a larger diameter and for a longer treatment time. A similar trend is observed in surface roughness. This is mainly attributed to the involvement of higher kinetic energy imposed by SMAT on EN 8 steel. The residual stress induced during SMAT of EN 8 steel measured by x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements is higher when treated using 2 mm ∅ SS balls when compared to those treated using 5 and 8 mm ∅ SS balls for a similar time duration. Irrespective of the size of the balls, an increase in treatment time has led to a decrease in the residual stress of EN8 steel. Over working of EN8 steel that creates surface cracking has been considered responsible for the decrease in residual stress of EN8 steel treated using 5 and 8 mm ∅ SS balls for any given time duration as well as with an increase in treatment time for a given size of the balls. The development surface cone cracks and material removal from the surface evidenced from the microstructure validates such as an occurrence. When the duration of SMAT is limited to 15 min, a large difference in residual stress values is observed for the EN8 steel treated using 2, 5 and 8 mm ∅ balls, whereas with a further increase in treatment time, the difference between them becomes marginal. Hence, in order to achieve better mechanical properties, the treatment time employed for SMAT of carbon steels should be carefully optimized. The other option available is to choose lower size balls for SMAT. The change in residual stress of EN8 steel as a function of process parameters employed for SMAT and the correlation between the ball size and treatment time with the residual stress are discussed.

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The raw data of residual stress can be made available upon request.

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Acknowledgments

TB and TSNSN thank the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, for providing the financial support in the form a SUPRA Institutional Project and Director, CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, for his constant encouragement and support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Madras Centre, CSIR Madras Complex, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India

    T. Balusamy & T. S. N. Sankara Narayanan

  2. Department of Applied Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur, 602117, India

    T. Balusamy

  3. Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph’s Institute of Technology, OMR, Chennai, 600119, India

    P. Mohan Sathyaraj

  4. Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, India

    T. Balusamy, P. Mohan Sathyaraj, K. Ravichandran & T. S. N. Sankara Narayanan

  5. KREA University, Campus 5655 Central Expressway, Sri City, Andra Pradesh, 517646, India

    K. Ravichandran

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This invited article is part of a special topical issue of the Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance on Residual Stress Ana lysis: Measurement, Effects, and Control. The issue was organized by Rajan Bhambroo, Tenneco, Inc.; Lesley Frame, University of Connecticut; Andrew Payzant, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; and James Pineault, Proto Manufacturing on behalf of the ASM Residual Stress Technical Committee.

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Balusamy, T., Sathyaraj, P.M., Ravichandran, K. et al. Influence of Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment Parameters on the Residual Stress of EN8 Steel. J. of Materi Eng and Perform (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-024-09521-4

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