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The Implication of Nutrition on the Prevention and Improvement of Age-Related Sarcopenic Obesity: A Systematic Review

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The journal of nutrition, health & aging

Abstract

Objectives

Nutrition plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of sarcopenic obesity, making it a critical focus for preventing and treating this condition. However, the specific dietary components that effectively combat sarcopenic obesity remain poorly understood. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the potential nutritional and dietary factors that may play a role in the development of sarcopenic obesity in the elderly population.

Methods

To identify relevant studies investigating the association/effects of dietary pattern/single foods/nutrients or supplements with sarcopenic obesity-related outcomes, a comprehensive literature search was conducted until April 2023. The search encompassed multiple databases including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Two researchers performed rigorous assessments that included screening titles and abstracts, reviewing full-text studies, extracting data, and evaluating the quality of the studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for observational studies, while the Jadad-Oxford Scale was employed for clinical trials.

Results

Twenty-three studies (14 observational studies and 9 trials) with 37078 participants, published between 2012 and 2022, were eligible for the systematic review. Of the 14 observational articles, two focused on dietary patterns and 12 on food/calorie/macro- and micronutrient intake. The nutritional interventions included the intake of supplements (i.e., protein, amino acids, tea catechin, and vitamin D) and dietary management (calorie restriction, very low-calorie ketogenic diet, and high-protein diet). Appropriate dietary factors, such as appropriate intake of calories, macronutrients, micronutrients, antioxidant nutrients, vegetables, fruits, and overall dietary quality, have been shown to be effective in preventing and treating sarcopenic obesity-related parameters. A combined approach of hypocaloric diet and high protein intake may be necessary for managing both obesity and sarcopenia in older individuals.

Conclusion

Studies suggest that dietary factors, such as overall dietary quality, appropriate intake of calories and protein, consumption of antioxidant nutrients, vegetables, fruits, and protein, may be linked to sarcopenic obesity.

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Data Availability Statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author, MV.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    B. Abiri, F. Hosseinpanah, Z. Seifi & Majid Valizadeh

  2. Department of Nutrition, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran

    S. Amini

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Contributions

Author contributions: BA and MV conceived and designed the study. BA and SA conducted the systematic search, screened articles, and read the full texts for eligibility. BA and ZS extracted data from the original studies and evaluated the studies for risk of bias. BA, and FH contributed to the interpretation of the results and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. MV, and FH contributed to the interpretation of the results and critically revised the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. MV is the guarantor. The corresponding author attests that all listed authors meet authorship criteria and that no others meeting the criteria have been omitted.

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Correspondence to Majid Valizadeh.

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Abiri, B., Hosseinpanah, F., Seifi, Z. et al. The Implication of Nutrition on the Prevention and Improvement of Age-Related Sarcopenic Obesity: A Systematic Review. J Nutr Health Aging 27, 842–852 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-023-1986-x

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