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Dietary influence on calcitropic hormones and adiposity in Caucasian and African American postmenopausal women assessed by structural equation modeling (SEM)

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The journal of nutrition, health & aging

Abstract

Objectives

To examine differences in hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations between Caucasian and African American (AA) postmenopausal women, as well as the effects of dietary calcium, protein and vitamin D intakes on 25(OH)D, PTH, and body adiposity using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Design

Population-based prospective cohort study.

Setting

Academic research using the baseline data from two longitudinal studies.

Participants

Included n=113 Caucasian and n=40 African American, postmenopausal women who completed the baseline data collection and met inclusion criteria (dietary calcium intake <900 mg/day and being generally healthy) between 2006 and 2010.

Main Outcome

Dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D, assessed by dietary records, were examined in relation to calcitropic hormones concentrations and adiposity markers. Independent t-tests, confirmatory factor analysis, SEM and multi-group analyses were conducted to examine the aforementioned relationships as well as group differences among hormones, dietary intake, anthropometrics, age and other factors.

Results

Dietary calcium and protein intakes were significantly lower in AA women. Years since menopause were significantly higher in AA compared to Caucasian women. PTH and 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in AA compared to Caucasian women. Dietary calcium and protein intakes did not influence body adiposity in either group of women. Dietary vitamin D had minimal indirect (via 25(OH)D levels) influence on adiposity.

Conclusion

The study confirmed the positive relationship of 25(OH)D with adiposity markers and both AA and Caucasian women. The study provides a unique example of the use of SEM in nutrition research within a clinical context. This model should be further tested in other populations.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nutrition and Food Systems Department, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive #5172, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, United States

    Jennifer L. Lemacks

  2. Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, 120 Convocation Way, Sandels Building, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306-1493, United States

    J. Z. Ilich

  3. School of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Akron, 240 Carroll Street, Akron, OH, 44325-6102, United States

    P.-Y. Liu

  4. Retirement Research Center, Samsung Life Insurance, Seoul, South Korea, 100-716

    H. Shin

  5. Center on Better Health and Life for Underserved Populations, Florida State University, C2200 University Center P.O. Box 3062641, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306-2641, United States

    P. A. Ralston

  6. Department of Family and Child Sciences, Florida State University, Sandels Building, Tallahassee, Florida, United States

    M. Cui

  7. Department of Child and Family Development, University of Georgia, 103 Family Science Center (House A), 403 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, United States

    K. A. S. Wickrama

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  1. Jennifer L. Lemacks
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Correspondence to Jennifer L. Lemacks.

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Lemacks, J.L., Ilich, J.Z., Liu, PY. et al. Dietary influence on calcitropic hormones and adiposity in Caucasian and African American postmenopausal women assessed by structural equation modeling (SEM). J Nutr Health Aging 20, 602–610 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-015-0637-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-015-0637-2

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