Abstract
Members of the cephalopod family Sepiadariidae Fischer, 1882, commonly called ‘bottletail squids’, are known primarily from the Indo-Pacific and southwest Pacific. To date, only one species is known to occur in New Zealand waters: Sepioloidea pacifica (Kirk, 1882). However, researchers have long suspected the presence of additional species in the genus Sepioloidea d’Orbigny, 1845 in Férussac & d’Orbigny 1835-1848. The majority of known Sepioloidea material from New Zealand national collections was examined; both morphological and, where available, molecular characters are compared. As a result, two new species, Sepioloidea virgilioi sp. nov. and Sepioloidea jaelae sp. nov., are recognised and described. Diagnostic morphological characters include the tentacular club sucker arrangement and hectocotylus structure. Molecular data support the recognition of these two new taxa, with sampled populations of each of the three available Sepioloidea falling within three monophyletic clades following analysis of COI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) sequence data. The minimum interspecific distance is 11.09%—far greater than the maximum intraspecific distance (1.57%). A revised diagnosis for S. pacifica sensu stricto is also provided.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the following people and institutions for the provision of data and lending of material used in this study: Dr Bruce Marshall and Dr Rodrigo Salvador from The Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (NMNZ); Sadie Mills, Diana Macpherson, Darren Stevens, and Rob Stewart from the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, Taihoro Nukurangi, New Zealand (NIWA); Severine Hannam from the Auckland War Memorial Museum Tāmaki Paenga Hira; and Collections staff from the Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW, Australia (AM). Richard Willan from the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, NT, Australia facilitated the photography of the S. magna holotype hectocotylus. We also thank Dr Steve O’Shea for his valuable early observations on these taxa and his considerable contributions to the cephalopod collections at NIWA and NMNZ. Thank you to Dr Giambattista Bello and Dr Heather Judkins (University of South Florida) for their critique and comments on the first author’s MSc thesis, the work of which forms the basis for this paper. Finally, we would like to thank and acknowledge Dr Mandy Reid—who has declined authorship—for supervising the first authors MSc thesis, and her all-round contributions to this paper including, research planning, assistance with dissections and photography, manuscript rewriting, editing and providing numerous revisions and corrections. We are grateful to the journal editor and reviewers for their valued input and their assistance in preparing this paper for publication.
Funding
This study was funded by the Auckland University of Technology through the Master of Science program.
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The authors declare no competing interests.
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No animal testing was performed in this study. All specimens studied were preserved and borrowed from institutions. No animals killed for the purpose of this study.
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All necessary permits for sampling were obtained by the specimen lending institutions as mentioned in the ‘Acknowledgements’. The study is compliant with Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and Nagoya protocols.
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The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Genetic sequences are available on the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) and GenBank. Zoobank references and museum registration numbers are all provided.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analyses were performed by JS. HB conducted the molecular analyses. The manuscript was written by JS and edited and revised by JS, KB, and HB.
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Santos, J.M., Bolstad, K.S.R. & Braid, H.E. Two new ‘bottletail squids’ (Cephalopoda: Sepiadariidae: Sepioloidea) from New Zealand, with new observations on Sepioloidea pacifica (Kirk, 1882). Mar. Biodivers. 52, 26 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-021-01247-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-021-01247-z