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Recent advances in electronic devices for monitoring and modulation of brain

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Abstract

The brain is actuated by billions of neurons with trillions of interconnections that regulate human behaviors. Understanding the mechanisms of these systems that induce sensory reactions and respond to disease remains one of the greatest challenges in science, engineering, and medicine. Recent advances in nanomaterials and nanotechnologies have led to the extensive research of electronic devices for brain interfaces to better understand the neural activities of the brain’s complex nervous system. The development of sensor devices for monitoring the physiological signals of the brain related to traumatic injury status has accompanied by the progress of electronic neural probes in parallel. In addition, these neurological and stereotactic surgical revolutions hold immense potential for clinical analysis of pharmacological systems within cerebral tissues. Here, we review the progress of electronic devices interfacing with brain in terms of the materials, fabrication technologies, and device designs. Neurophysiological activity can be measured and modulated by brain probes based on newly developed nanofabrication methodologies. Furthermore, in vivo pathological monitoring of the brain and pharmacological assessment has been developed in miniaturized and wireless form. We also consider the key challenges and prospects for further development, and explore the future directions emerging in the latest research.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Ministry of Science & ICT (MSIT) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) of Korea through the National Research Foundation (Nos. 2019R1A2B5B03069358 and 2016R1A5A1009926), the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program (No. 2018M3A9F1021649), the Nano Material Technology Development Program (No. 2016M3A7B4910635), Sejong Science Fellowship (No. 2021R1C1C2008657) and the Technology Innovation Program (Nos. 20010366 and 20013621, Center for Super Critical Material Industrial Technology). Also, the authors thank financial support by the Institute for Basic Science (No. IBS-R026-D1) and the Research Program (No. 2019-22-0228) funded by Yonsei University.

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  1. Yong Won Kwon, Yoon Sun Jun, Young-Geun Park, and Jiuk Jang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nano Science Technology Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea

    Yong Won Kwon, Yoon Sun Jun, Young-Geun Park, Jiuk Jang & Jang-Ung Park

  2. Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea

    Jang-Ung Park

  3. Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea

    Jang-Ung Park

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  1. Yong Won Kwon
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  2. Yoon Sun Jun
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Correspondence to Jang-Ung Park.

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Kwon, Y.W., Jun, Y.S., Park, YG. et al. Recent advances in electronic devices for monitoring and modulation of brain. Nano Res. 14, 3070–3095 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3476-y

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