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A phenazine anode for high-performance aqueous rechargeable batteries in a wide temperature range

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Abstract

Aqueous rechargeable batteries are a possible strategy for large-scale energy storage systems. However, limited choices of anode materials restrict their further application. Here we report phenazine (PNZ) as stable anode materials in different alkali-ion (Li+, Na+, K+) electrolyte. A novel full cell is assembled by phenazine anode, Na0.44MnO2 cathode and 10 M NaOH electrolyte to further explore the electrochemical performance of phenazine anode. This battery is able to achieve high capacity (176.7 mAh·g−1 at 4 C (1.2·Ag−1)), ultralong cycling life (capacity retention of 80% after 13,000 cycles at 4 C), and excellent rate capacity (92 mAh·g−1 at 100 C (30 A·g−1)). The reaction mechanism of PNZ during charge—discharge process is demonstrated by in situ Raman spectroscopy, in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Furthermore, the system is able to successfully operate at wide temperature range from −20 to 70 °C and achieves remarkable electrochemical performance.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos. 2016YFB0901500 and 2016YFB0101201); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51771094), Ministry of Education of China (Nos. B12015 and IRT13R30), and Tianjin High-Tech (No. 18JCZDJC31500).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China

    Tianjiang Sun, Chang Liu, Qingshun Nian, Yazhi Feng, Zhanliang Tao & Jun Chen

  2. State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China

    Jiayue Wang

  3. Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, China

    Yan Zhang

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  1. Tianjiang Sun
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  2. Chang Liu
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Correspondence to Zhanliang Tao.

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Sun, T., Liu, C., Wang, J. et al. A phenazine anode for high-performance aqueous rechargeable batteries in a wide temperature range. Nano Res. 13, 676–683 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-2674-3

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