Abstract
Pt3Ni nanoparticles have been obtained by shape-controlled synthesis and employed as oxygen reduction electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). The effects of varying the synthesis parameters such as the types of the capping agent and the reducing agent, and the reaction time have been systematically studied. The as-prepared Pt3Ni nanoparticles were subjected to a butylamine-based surface treatment in order to prepare carbon-supported electrocatalysts. The Pt3Ni electrocatalysts show an areaspecific activity of 0.76 mA/cm2(Pt) at 0.9 V in an alkaline electrolyte, which is 4.5 times that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst (0.17 mA/cm2 (Pt)). The mass activity reached 0.30 A/mg(Pt) at 0.9 V, which is about twice that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Our results also show that the area-specific activities of these carbon-supported Pt3Ni electrocatalysts depend strongly on the (111) surface fraction, which is consistent with the results of a study based on Pt3Ni extended single-crystal surfaces.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Wagner, F. T.; Lakshmanan, B.; Mathias, M. F. Electrochemistry and the future of the automobile. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2010, 1, 2204–2219.
Peng, Z. M.; Yang, H. Designer platinum nanoparticles: Control of shape, composition in alloy, nanostructure and electrocatalytic property. Nano Today 2009, 4, 143–164.
Steele, B. C. H.; Heinzel, A. Materials for fuel-cell technologies. Nature 2001, 414, 345–352.
Winter, M.; Brodd, R. J. What are batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors? Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 4245–4269.
Chen, A. C.; Holt-Hindle, P. Platinum-based nanostructured materials: Synthesis, properties, and applications. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 3767–3804.
Bing, Y. H.; Liu, H. S.; Zhang, L.; Ghosh, D.; Zhang, J. J. Nanostructured Pt-alloy electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2010, 39, 2184–2202.
Gasteiger, H. A.; Kocha, S. S.; Sompalli, B.; Wagner, F. T. Activity benchmarks and requirements for Pt, Pt-alloy, and non-Pt oxygen reduction catalysts for PEMFCs. Appl. Catal. B-Environ. 2005, 56, 9–35.
Stamenkovic, V. R.; Fowler, B.; Mun, B. S.; Wang, G. F.; Ross, P. N.; Lucas, C. A.; Markovic, N. M. Improved oxygen reduction activity on Pt3Ni(111) via increased surface site availability. Science 2007, 315, 493–497.
Lim, B.; Jiang, M. J.; Camargo, P. H. C.; Cho, E. C.; Tao, J.; Lu, X. M.; Zhu, Y. M.; Xia, Y. A. Pd-Pt bimetallic nanodendrites with high activity for oxygen reduction. Science 2009, 324, 1302–1305.
Peng, Z. M.; Yang, H. Synthesis and oxygen reduction electrocatalytic property of Pt-on-Pd bimetallic heteronanostructures. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 7542–7543.
Wu, J.; Zhang, J.; Peng, Z.; Yang, S.; Wagner, F. T.; Yang, H. Truncated octahedral Pt3Ni oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 4984–4985.
Peng, Z. M.; Wu, J. B.; Yang, H. Synthesis and oxygen reduction electrocatalytic property of platinum hollow and platinum-on-silver nanoparticles. Chem. Mat. 2010, 22, 1098–1106.
Zhang, J.; Yang, H. Z.; Fang, J. Y.; Zou, S. Z. Synthesis and oxygen reduction activity of shape-controlled Pt3Ni nanopolyhedra. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 638–644.
Koh, S.; Strasser, P. Electrocatalysis on bimetallic surfaces: Modifying catalytic reactivity for oxygen reduction by voltammetric surface dealloying. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 12624–12625.
Lee, H. J.; Habas, S. E.; Somorjai, G. A.; Yang, P. D. Localized Pd overgrowth on cubic Pt nanocrystals for enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 5406–5407.
Wang, C.; Daimon, H.; Lee, Y.; Kim, J.; Sun, S. Synthesis of monodisperse Pt nanocubes and their enhanced catalysis for oxygen reduction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 6974–6975.
Greeley, J.; Stephens, I. E. L.; Bondarenko, A. S.; Johansson, T. P.; Hansen, H. A.; Jaramillo, T. F.; Rossmeisl, J.; Chorkendorff, I.; Norskov, J. K. Alloys of platinum and early transition metals as oxygen reduction electrocatalysts. Nat. Chem. 2009, 1, 552–556.
Chen, S.; Ferreira, P. J.; Sheng, W. C.; Yabuuchi, N.; Allard, L. F.; Shao-Horn, Y. Enhanced activity for oxygen reduction reaction on “Pt3Co” nanoparticles: Direct evidence of percolated and sandwich-segregation structures. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 13818–13819.
Shao, Y. Y.; Liu, J.; Wang, Y.; Lin, Y. H. Novel catalyst support materials for PEM fuel cells: Current status and future prospects. J. Mater. Chem. 2009, 19, 46–59.
Zhang, J.; Sasaki, K.; Sutter, E.; Adzic, R. R. Stabilization of platinum oxygen-reduction electrocatalysts using gold clusters. Science 2007, 315, 220–222.
Shao, Y. Y.; Zhang, S.; Kou, R.; Wang, X. Q.; Wang, C. M.; Dai, S.; Viswanathan, V.; Liu, J.; Wang, Y.; Lin, Y. H. Noncovalently functionalized graphitic mesoporous carbon as a stable support of Pt nanoparticles for oxygen reduction. J. Power Sources 2010, 195, 1805–1811.
Lu, S. F.; Pan, J.; Huang, A. B.; Zhuang, L.; Lu, J. T. Alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells completely free from noble metal catalysts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2008, 105, 20611–20614.
Meng, H.; Wu, M.; Hu, X. X.; Nie, M.; Wei, Z. D.; Shen, P. K. Selective cathode catalysts for mixed-reactant alkaline alcohol fuel cells. Fuel Cells 2006, 6, 447–450.
Gu, S.; Cai, R.; Luo, T.; Chen, Z. W.; Sun, M. W.; Liu, Y.; He, G. H.; Yan, Y. S. A soluble and highly conductive ionomer for high-performance hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 2009, 48, 6499–6502.
Markovic, N. M.; Ross, P. N. Surface science studies of model fuel cell electrocatalysts. Surf. Sci. Rep. 2002, 45, 117–229.
Spendelow, J. S.; Wieckowski, A. Electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction and small alcohol oxidation in alkaline media. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2007, 9, 2654–2675.
Zhang, H. W.; Zhou, Z. T. Alkaline polymer electrolyte membranes from quaternized poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) for direct methanol fuel cell. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2008, 110, 1756–1762.
Maksimuk, S.; Teng, X.; Yang, H. Roles of twin defects in the formation of platinum multipod nanocrystals. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111, 14312–14319.
Dameron, A. A.; Mullen, T. J.; Hengstebeck, R. W.; Saavedra, H. M.; Weiss, P. S. Origins of displacement in 1-adamantanethiolate self-assembled monolayers. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111, 6747–6752.
Mullen, T. J.; Dameron, A. A.; Saavedra, H. M.; Williams, M. E.; Weiss, P. S. Dynamics of solution displacement in 1-adamantanethiolate self-assembled monolayers. J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 111, 6740–6746.
Huo, Z. Y.; Tsung, C. K.; Huang, W. Y.; Zhang, X. F.; Yang, P. D. Sub-two nanometer single crystal Au nanowires. Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 2041–2044.
Wang, C.; Hou, Y. L.; Kim, J. M.; Sun, S. H. A general strategy for synthesizing FePt nanowires and nanorods. Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 2007, 46, 6333–6335.
Sun, S. H.; Murray, C. B.; Weller, D.; Folks, L.; Moser, A. Monodisperse FePt nanoparticles and ferromagnetic FePt nanocrystal superlattices. Science 2000, 287, 1989–1992.
Markovic, N. M.; Sarraf, S. T.; Gasteiger, H. A.; Ross, P. N. Hydrogen electrochemistry on platinum low-index singlecrystal surfaces in alkaline solution. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1996, 92, 3719–3725.
Lima, F. H. B.; Salgado, J. R. C.; Gonzalez, E. R.; Ticianelli, E. A. Electrocatalytic properties of PtCo/C and PtNi/C alloys for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solution. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2007, 154, A369–A375.
Wang, J. X.; Markovic, N. M.; Adzic, R. R. Kinetic analysis of oxygen reduction on Pt(111) in acid solutions: Intrinsic kinetic parameters and anion adsorption effects. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 4127–4133.
Obradovic, M. D.; Grgur, B. N.; Vracar, L. M. Adsorption of oxygen containing species and their effect on oxygen reduction on Pt3Co electrode. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2003, 548, 69–78.
Mayrhofer, K. J. J.; Hartl, K.; Juhart, V.; Arenz, M. Degradation of carbon-supported Pt bimetallic nanoparticles by surface segregation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 16348–16349.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0 ), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, J., Yang, H. Synthesis and electrocatalytic oxygen reduction properties of truncated octahedral Pt3Ni nanoparticles. Nano Res. 4, 72–82 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-010-0049-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-010-0049-x