Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bioconversion composition of Ssanghwa-tang fermented by Lactobacillus fermentum

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ssanghwa-tang is a medicinal formula that is widely prescribed in Korea to decrease fatigue after an illness. Fermented herbal medicines might be made more efficacious than conventional herbal medicines by increasing the absorption and bioavailability of the active compounds. In this study, Ssanghwa-tang was fermented to produce bioconversion compositions using Lactobacillus fermentum, and six peaks were decreased, four peaks were increased and one peak newly appeared in the HPLC-DAD chromatogram. The structures of the newly-appearing compound (1) and increased (2–5) compounds were identified as follows using NMR and MS: liquiritigenin (1), nodakenetin (2), cinnamyl alcohol (3), decursinol (4), and benzoic acid (5). The decreased compounds were identified to be paeoniflorin (6), liquiritin (7), nodakenin (8), cinnamaldehyde (9), decursin (10), and decursinol angelate (11) using HPLC-DAD analysis with authentic compounds. The high performance liquid chromatography method was used to quantify the eleven constituents in Ssanghwa-tang and fermented Ssanghwa-tang. All calibration curves of the standard compounds exhibited excellent linearity with a R2 > 0.9940.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Won, J. B., J. Y. Ma, Y. R. Um, and C. J. Ma (2010) Simultaneous determination of five marker constituents in Ssanghwa tang by HPLC/DAD. Pharmcogn. Mag. 6: 111–115.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Park, W. K. and S. D. Park (1995) Effects of Ssanghwa-Tang on the antifatigue action and brain levels of norepinephrine, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid and dopamine. The J. Jeahan Oriental Med. Acad. 1: 130–145.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Han, D. S., H. K. Lee, and H. J. Cho (1983) Analgesic and anti-convulsionary effects of Ssanghwa-Tang. Kor. J. Pharmacog. 14: 60–63.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Jung, J. C. and D. K. Park (1986) Studies on CNS-depression and anti-inflammatory action of Ssangwhatang. J. Kor. Pharm. Sci. 16: 24–30.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Hyun, D. H., J. K. Kim, D. Y. Choi, C. H. Kim, and W. H. Park (1997) Inhibition of growth of the established 3-methyl-DABinduced mammary cancer in mice and lung endothelial cells by Gamissangwhatang. Kor. J. Oriental Med. Pathol. 11: 108–112.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Kim, J. K. (2005) Smooth muscle relaxation by the herbal medicine Ssanghwatang associated with nitric oxide synthase activation and nitric oxide production. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Wonkwang, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Shim, K. S., J. H. Lee, and J. Y. Ma (2010) Effect of Ssangwhatang fermented by Lactobacillus fermentum on osteoclast differentiation and osteoporosis of ovariectomized rats. Kor. J. Ori. Med. 16: 149–155.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Shim, K. S., J. H. Lee, C. J. Ma, Y. H. Lee, S. U. Choi, and J. Y. Ma (2010) Inhibitory effect of Ssangwha-tang on bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Animal cells and systems 14: 283–289.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Cho, T. Y., C. K. Shim, M. H. Lee, and S. K. Kim (1987) Effects of blended Chinese traditional medicine, SsangWhaTang, on hepatic clearance of sulfobromophthalein in rats. J. Kor. Pharm. Sci. 17: 89–93.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Chien, H. L., H. Y. Huang, and C. C. Chou (2006) Transformation of isoflavone phytoestrogens during the fermentation of soymilk with lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Food Microbiol. 23: 772–778.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Trinh, H. T., S. J. Han, S. W. Kim, Y. C. Lee, and D. H. Kim (2007) Bifidus fermentation increase hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of red ginseng. J. Microbiol. Biotechn. 17: 1127–1133.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Okabe, Y., T. Shimazu, and H. Tanimoto (2011) Higher bioavailability of isoflavones after a single ingestion of aglyconerich fermented soybeans compared with glucoside-rich nonfermented soybeans in Japanese postmenopausal women. J. Sci. Food Agric. 91: 658–663.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Wei, Q. K., T. R. Chen, and J. T. Chen (2007) Using of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium to product the isoflavone aglycones in fermented soymilk. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 117: 120–124.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Choi, J. H., J. N. Choi, S. Y. Lee, S. J. Lee, K. H. Kim, and Y. K. Kim (2010) Inhibitory activity of diacylglycerol acyltransferase by glabrol isolated from the roots of licorice. Arch. Pharm. Res. 33: 237–242.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Lee, S. H., D. S. Shin, J. S. Kim, K. B. Oh, and S. S. Kang (2003) Antibacterial Coumarins from Angelica gigas Roots. Arch. Pharm. Res. 26: 449–452.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Pouchert, C. and J. Behnke (1993) The Aldrich Library of 13C and 1H FT NMR spectra. p. 392.1st ed., Aldrich Chemical Co., St. Louis, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lee, J. H., H. B. Bang, S. Y. Han, and J. G. Jun (2007) An efficient synthesis of (+)-decursinol from umbelliferone. Tetrahedron Lett. 48: 2889–2892.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Pouchert, C. and J. Behnke (1993) The Aldrich Library of 13C and 1H FT NMR spectra. p. 1063. 1st ed., Aldrich Chemical Co., St. Louis, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kim, Y. W., Y. M. Kim, Y. M. Yang, H. Y. Kay, W. D. Kim, J. W. Lee, S. J. Hwang, and S. G. Kim (2011) Inhibition of LXRalpha dependent steatosis and oxidative injury by liquiritigenin, a licorice flavonoid, as mediated with Nrf2 activation. Antioxid. Redox. Signal 14: 733–745.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Liu, R. T., L. B. Zou, J. Y. Fu, and Q. J. Lu (2010) Promotion of rat brain-derived progenitor cell neurogenesis by liquiritigenin treatment: underlying mechanisms. Neurosci. Lett. 481: 139–143.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Lee, Y. S., S. H. Kim, S. H. Jung, J. K. Kim, C. H. Pan, and S. S. Lim (2010) Aldose reductase inhibitory compounds from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 33: 917–921.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Kim, Y. W., R. J. Zhao, S. J. Park, J. R. Lee, I. J. Cho, C. H. Yang, S. G. Kim, and S. C. Kim (2008) Anti-inflammatory effects of liquiritigenin as a consequence of the inhibition of NF-kappaB-dependent iNOS and proinflammatory cytokines production. Br. J. Pharmacol. 154: 165–173.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Mersereau, J. E., N. Levy, R. E. Staub, S. Baggett, T. Zogovic, S. Chow, W. A. Ricke, M. Tagliaferri, I. Cohen, L. F. Bjeldanes, and D. C. Leitman (2008) Liquiritigenin is a plant-derived highly selective estrogen receptor beta agonist. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 283: 49–57.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Shin, Y. W., E. A. Bae, B. Lee, S. H. Lee, J. A. Kim, Y. S. Kim, and D. H. Kim (2007) In vitro and in vivo antiallergic effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra and its components. Planta Med. 73: 257–261.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Lee, M. H., Y. P. Lin, F. L. Hsu, G. R. Zhan, and K. Y. Yen (2006) Bioactive constituents of Spatholobus suberectus in regulating tyrosinase-related proteins and mRNA in HEMn cells. Phytochem. 67: 1262–1270.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Saeed, M. A. and A. W. Sabir (2008) Irritant and cytotoxic coumarins from Angelica glauca Edgew roots. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res. 10: 49–58.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kang, S. Y. and Y. C. Kim (2007) Neuroprotective coumarins from the root of Angelica gigas: Structure-activity relationships. Arch. Pharm. Res. 30: 1368–1373.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Ng, L. T. and S. J. Wu (2009) Antiproliferative activity of Cinnamomum cassia constituents and effects of pifithrin-alpha on their apoptotic signaling pathways in Hep G2 cells. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. doi:10.1093/ecam/nep220.

  29. Chang, K. S., J. H. Tak, S. I. Kim, W. J. Lee, and Y. J. Ahn (2006) Repellency of Cinnamomum cassia bark compounds and cream containing cassia oil to Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) under laboratory and indoor conditions. Pest Manag. Sci. 62: 1032–1038.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Lee, H. S. (2002) Inhibitory activity of Cinnamomum cassia bark-derived component against rat lens aldose reductase. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 5: 226–230.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Lee, H. S., B. S. Kim, and M. K. Kim (2002) Suppression effect of Cinnamomum cassia bark-derived component on nitric oxide synthase. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50: 7700–7703.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Zucca, P., M. Littarru, A. Rescigno, and E. Sanjust (2009) Cofactor recycling for selective enzymatic biotransformation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 73: 1224–1226.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Choi, S. S., K. J. Han, J. K. Lee, H. K. Lee, E. J. Han, D. H. Kim, and H. W. Suh (2003) Antinociceptive mechanisms of orally administered decursinol in the mouse. Life Sci. 73: 471–485.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Yan, J. J., D. H. Kim, Y. S. Moon, J. S. Jung, E. M. Ahn, N. I. Baek, and D. K. Song (2004) Protection against â-amyloid peptide-induced memory impairment with long-term administration of extract of Angelica gigas or decursinol in mice. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 28: 25–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Son, S. H., M. J. Kim, W. Y. Chung, J. A. Son, Y. S. Kim, Y. C. Kim, S. S. Kang, S. K. Lee, and K. K. Park (2009) Decursin and decursinol inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis by blocking the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun Nterminal kinase. Cancer Lett. 280: 86–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Li, Z., Y. Sun, X. Yan, and F. Meng (2010) Study on QSTR of benzoic acid compounds with MCI. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 11: 1228–1235.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Choi, J. W., K. T. Lee, H. Ka, W. T. Jung, H. J. Jung, and H. J. Park (2001) Constituents of the essential oil of the Cinnamomum cassia stem bark and the biological properties. Arch. Pharm. Res. 24: 418–423.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Ping, G., W. H. Huang, F. Q. Yang, J. Li, and S. P. Li (2010) Pressurized liquid extraction and GC-MS analysis for simultaneous determination of seven components in Cinnamomum cassia and the effect of sample preparation. J. Sep. Sci. 33: 2341–2348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Wang, R., R. J. Wang, and B. Yang (2011) Comparison of volatile compound composition Of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia PRESL) bark prepared by hydrodistillation and headspace solod phase microextraction. J. Food Proc. Eng. 34: 175–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Kang, S. Y., K. Y. Lee, S. H. Sung, and Y. C. Kim (2005) Four new neuroprotective dihydropyranocoumarins from Angelica gigas. J. Nat. Prod. 68: 56–59.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Kang, S. Y., K. Y. Lee, S. H. Sung, M. J. Park, and Y. C. Kim (2001) Coumarins isolated from Angelica gigas inhibit acetylcholinesterase: Structure -activity relationships. J. Nat. Prod. 64: 683–685.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Izumi, T., M. K. Piskula, S. Osawa, A. Obata, K. Tobe, M. Saito, S. Kataoka, Y. Kubota, and M. Kikuchi (2000) Soy isoflavone aglycones are absorbed faster and in higher amounts than their glucosides in humans. J. Nutr. 130: 1695–1699.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Hasegawa, H. (2004) Proof of the mysterious efficacy of ginseng: basic and clinical trials: Metabolic activation of ginsenoside: Deglycosylation by intestinal bacteria and esterification with fatty acid. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 95: 153–157.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Hubert, J., M. Berger, F. Nepveu, F. Paul, and J. Dayde (2008) Effects of fermentation on the phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of soy germ. Food Chem. 109: 709–721.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Herbal Medicine Improvement Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 305-811, Korea

    Min Cheol Yang, Dong-Seon Kim & Jin Yeul Ma

Authors
  1. Min Cheol Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dong-Seon Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jin Yeul Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jin Yeul Ma.

Additional information

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yang, M.C., Kim, DS. & Ma, J.Y. Bioconversion composition of Ssanghwa-tang fermented by Lactobacillus fermentum . Biotechnol Bioproc E 17, 84–92 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-011-0296-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-011-0296-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation