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Carbon Sequestration and Sediment Accretion in San Francisco Bay Tidal Wetlands

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Abstract

Tidal wetlands play an important role with respect to climate change because of both their sensitivity to sea-level rise and their ability to sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Policy-based interest in carbon sequestration has increased recently, and wetland restoration projects have potential for carbon credits through soil carbon sequestration. We measured sediment accretion, mineral and organic matter accumulation, and carbon sequestration rates using 137Cs and 210Pb downcore distributions at six natural tidal wetlands in the San Francisco Bay Estuary. The accretion rates were, in general, 0.2–0.5 cm year−1, indicating that local wetlands are keeping pace with recent rates of sea-level rise. Mineral accumulation rates were higher in salt marshes and at low-marsh stations within individual sites. The average carbon sequestration rate based on 210Pb dating was 79 g C m−2 year−1, with slightly higher rates based on 137Cs dating. There was little difference in the sequestration rates among sites or across stations within sites, indicating that a single carbon sequestration rate could be used for crediting tidal wetland restoration projects within the Estuary.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation for financial support for this research project. Site access and other support were provided by the California Department of Fish and Game, California State Coastal Conservancy, California State Parks, Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, East Bay Regional Park District, San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, and Solano Land Trust. Field and lab assistance was provided by Jennifer Gagnon, Mark Rosasco, and Andrea Torres. Valuable comments were provided on the manuscript by Steve Crooks, Judy Drexler, and two anonymous reviewers.

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  1. Department of Environmental Science, University of San Francisco, 2130 Fulton St, San Francisco, CA, 94117, USA

    John C. Callaway & Evyan L. Borgnis

  2. Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA

    R. Eugene Turner & Charles S. Milan

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  1. John C. Callaway
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  2. Evyan L. Borgnis
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  3. R. Eugene Turner
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Correspondence to John C. Callaway.

Appendices

Appendix 1

Table 4 Summary of ANOVA results for average soil bulk density and organic matter content from 0–20 cm and from 0–50 cm at natural wetland sites (data are p values for each ANOVA as well as significant pairwise comparisons)
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Appendix 2

Fig. 4
figure 4

Average sediment bulk density from 0 to 50 cm for cores from low-, mid-, and high-marsh stations at all sampling sites. Sample size for each location is indicated in Table 2. Error bars, ±1 SE

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Appendix 3

Fig. 5
figure 5

Average sediment organic matter content from 0 to 50 cm for cores from low-, mid-, and high-marsh stations at all sampling sites. Sample size for each location is indicated in Table 2. Error bars, ±1 SE

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Appendix 4

Fig. 6
figure 6

Profiles of sediment bulk density and organic matter from 0 to 50 cm for selected cores from natural wetland sites

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Appendix 5

Fig. 7
figure 7

Profiles of sediment bulk density and organic matter from 0 to 50 cm for selected cores from restored wetland sites

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Appendix 6

Fig. 8
figure 8

Relationship between sediment organic matter content and bulk density based on sections from all cores

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Appendix 7

Fig. 9
figure 9

Relationship between sediment organic matter content and carbon content based on data from 97 core sections. The solid line indicates the best fit regression for these data, and the dashed line indicates the regression equation from Craft et al. (1991)

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Appendix 8

Table 5 Table of accretion rates, mineral matter, and carbon accumulation rates for all individual cores, with dating using downcore distributions of both 137Cs and 210Pb
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Appendix 9

Table 6 Summary of ANOVA results for accretion rates and mass-based accumulation rates (data are p values for each ANOVA as well as significant pairwise comparisons)
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Appendix 10

Table 7 Regression results (r 2 values) for comparisons between accretion rates and mineral and organic matter accumulation rates based on both 137Cs and 210Pb data (from all sites and separately from salt marsh and tidal brackish wetland sites)
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Callaway, J.C., Borgnis, E.L., Turner, R.E. et al. Carbon Sequestration and Sediment Accretion in San Francisco Bay Tidal Wetlands. Estuaries and Coasts 35, 1163–1181 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-012-9508-9

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