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Zebra Chip Disease, Candidatus Liberibacter, and Potato Psyllid: A Global Threat to the Potato Industry

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Abstract

Zebra chip (ZC), a new and economically important disease of potato in the United States, Mexico, Central America, and New Zealand, is caused by the bacterium “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum”, transmitted to potato by the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli. The disease has caused millions of dollars in losses to the potato industry. Whole crops have been rejected because of ZC, occasionally leading to abandonment of entire fields. Plant growth and yield are severely affected by the disease. Chips or fries processed from ZC-infected tubers exhibit dark stripes that become markedly more visible with frying, and hence are commercially unacceptable. Additionally, the disease causes serious losses to the fresh market, tablestock and export potato industry. ZC-infected tubers generally do not sprout and if they do, produce hair sprouts, weak, or short-lived plants. Furthermore, there are indications that ZC symptoms might develop in tubers during storage. All commercial potato cultivars are susceptible to ZC, thus management tactics targeted against the potato psyllid are currently the only means to effectively manage the disease. An overview of ZC history, geographic distribution, biology, epidemiology, and management are discussed.

Resumen

La papa rayada (o zebra chip, ZC), es una nueva enfermedad económicamente importante de la papa en los Estados Unidos, México, América Central y Nueva Zelanda. Es causada por la bacteria “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum”, transmitida a la papa por el psílido de la papa, Bactericera cockerelli. La enfermedad ha causado millones de dólares en pérdidas a la industria de la papa. Se han rechazado cosechas completas debido a la ZC, ocasionalmente conduciendo al abandono de campos enteros. Se afectan severamente el crecimiento y el rendimiento de la planta por la enfermedad. Las hojuelas o papas fritas procesadas de tubérculos infectados con ZC presentan líneas oscuras que se vuelven marcadamente más visibles con el freído, de aquí que son inaceptables comercialmente. Además, la enfermedad causa pérdidas serias al mercado fresco, de consumo doméstico y a la industria de la papa de exportación. Los tubérculos infectados con ZC generalmente no brotan, y si lo hacen, producen brotes ahilados, débiles, o plantas de vida corta. Aún más, hay indicios de que los síntomas por ZC pudieran desarrollarse en los tubérculos durante el almacenamiento. Todas las variedades comerciales de papa son susceptibles a ZC, de aquí que las tácticas de manejo enfocadas contra el psílido de la papa son el único medio en la actualidad para manejar la enfermedad efectivamente. Se discute una historia general de ZC, distribución geográfica, biología, epidemiología y manejo.

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  1. United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA, 98951, USA

    Joseph E. Munyaneza

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Munyaneza, J.E. Zebra Chip Disease, Candidatus Liberibacter, and Potato Psyllid: A Global Threat to the Potato Industry. Am. J. Potato Res. 92, 230–235 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-015-9448-6

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