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An environment-benign approach of bamboo pulp bleaching using extracellular xylanase of strain Bacillus stratosphericus EB-11 isolated from elephant dung

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Abstract

The use of microbial enzymes is highly encouraged in paper and pulp industries to reduce the excessive use of hazardous chemicals. During the study, xylanase of Bacillus stratosphericus EB-11 was characterized for pulp bleaching applications. The extracellular xylanase was produced under submerged fermentation using bamboo waste as a natural carbon source. There was fast cell division and enzyme production under optimized fermentation conditions in the bioreactor. The highest activity was 91,200U after 30 h of growth with Km and Vmax of 3.52 mg/mL and 391.5 μmol/min per mg respectively. The purified enzyme with molecular mass ~ 60 kDa had conferred positive activity on native PAGE. The strong inhibition by ethylenediaminetetraacetate and SDS showed the metallo-xylanase nature of the purified enzyme. The bacterial xylanase reduces the use of hydrogen peroxide by 0.4%. Similarly, biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand were reduced by 42.6 and 35.2%. The xylanase-hydrogen peroxide combined treatment and conventional chlorine dioxide-alkaline (CDE1D1D2) bleaching showed almost similar improvement in physicochemical properties of bamboo pulp. Xylanase-peroxide bleaching reduces the lignin content to 4.95% from 13.32% unbleached pulp. This content after CDE1D1D2 treatment was 4.21%. The kappa number decreased from 15.2 to 9.46 with increasing the burst factor (15.51), crystallinity index (60.25%), viscosity (20.1 cp), and brightness (65.4%). The overall finding will encourage the development of new cleaner methods of bleaching in the paper and pulp industry.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to the Director, CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam for providing necessary facilities to carry out the work and BIF Centre, CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat for providing the computational facilities.

Funding

The work is supported by a Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, Govt. India sponsored project (BT/323/NE/TBP/2012 dtd.12/03/2014). The authors are thankful to the funding agency.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, SBMS College, Sualkuchi-781103, Assam, India

    Rupak Kumar Sarma

  2. Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India

    Archana Yadav & Ratul Saikia

  3. Chemical Engineering Group, Engineering Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India

    Tobiul Hussain Ahmed

  4. Department of Botany, Arunachal University of Studies, PIN-792013, Namsai, India

    Anwesha Gohain

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Contributions

Conceptualization–RKS and RS; writing, review and editing–RKS and RS; data analysis–RKS, AG, and AY; performed the experiments–AG, THA, and AY; supervision–RKS and RS; funding acquisition–RS.

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Correspondence to Rupak Kumar Sarma.

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Sarma, R.K., Gohain, A., Ahmed, T.H. et al. An environment-benign approach of bamboo pulp bleaching using extracellular xylanase of strain Bacillus stratosphericus EB-11 isolated from elephant dung. Folia Microbiol 68, 135–149 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-022-01003-1

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