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Dissolving wood pulp production: a review

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Abstract

Studies have elucidated that the trends in dissolving pulp markets worldwide are growing consistently and rapidly. In 2018, the global revenue generated from dissolving pulp amounted to $9.3 billion, this being a 6.50% increase from the previous year. Dissolving pulp is a high-purity cellulose product predominantly produced from wood and is used in a wide variety of applications such as pharmaceutical, textile, food, paint, and coating industries. In recent times, the demand for dissolving pulps has shown a buoyant increase leaving a wide gap between supply and demand. A review of literature highlighted that two dominant manufacturing processes for dissolving pulp employed by industries across the world are the prehydrolysis kraft (PHK) and AS processes. Factors identified to significantly affect both processes include raw material characteristics, processing conditions such as temperature, time, and the type and concentration of chemicals used in the various processes (pretreatment, pulping, and posttreatment). Several pre-pulping treatments and post-pulping treatments have been identified as key processes that assist in achieving the desired cellulose purity. These processes are water, energy, and cost-intensive and make use of several chemicals to achieve a finished product of desirable quality. At the same time, these processes generate significant quantities of waste, thereby posing environmental concerns. The current focus of dissolving pulp production is centred on the development of environmentally friendly processes or advancements in existing processes to reduce environmental impact and improve production efficiency at modest capital investments.

In this paper, a comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken to evaluate existing technologies and identify emerging ones in the field of dissolving pulp production. The review is purposeful in providing a concise understanding of dissolving pulp production and outlines the relative strengths and weaknesses of existing and novel processes and helps individuals keep abreast of the latest trends in the field. Furthermore, a brief overview of biorefinery opportunities emerging from dissolving pulp processes and their respective applications are provided.

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Acknowledgements

The South African Department of Science and Innovation’s Waste Research, Development and Innovation Roadmap (WRDI) in collaboration with the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for funding the study.

Krishni Krishna and Christa Marais from the CSIR Library Information Services.

Funding

The research leading to these results received funding from the South African Department of Science and Innovation’s Waste Research, Development and Innovation (WRDI) Roadmap-Grant No. DST/CON 0156/2017.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, School of Engineering, Discipline of Chemical Engineering, Howard College, University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

    Simiksha Balkissoon & Bruce Sithole

  2. Biorefinery Industry Development Facility (BIDF), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 59081 Umbilo 4075, Durban, South Africa

    Simiksha Balkissoon, Jerome Andrew & Bruce Sithole

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  1. Simiksha Balkissoon
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All authors contributed to the review article. The literature study and the first draft of the article were written by Simiksha Balkissoon, and all authors reviewed, revised, and made relevant contributions and suggestions for the submitted manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Balkissoon, S., Andrew, J. & Sithole, B. Dissolving wood pulp production: a review. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 16607–16642 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02442-z

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