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Constructing Hierarchical Porous Bacterial Cellulose Outer Layer for Enhanced SMCs Infiltration in a Double-Layered Vascular Graft

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Abstract

Natural blood vessels possess a multi-layered structure. Herein, we present a bio-inspired double-layered integrated tubular graft with a compact inner layer and a porous outer layer. The inner layer consists of nanofibrous bacterial cellulose (BC) and microfibrous cellulose acetate (CA), which favors the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs). The outer layer, with hierarchical pores including nano-sized pores from pristine BC, median-sized pores (dozens of microns) created by particle leaching, and a large pore (hundreds of microns) array created by laser ablation, is appropriate for the penetration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The in-situ biosynthesis was employed to "suture" the two layers, aiming to achieve an integrated tubular structure. The morphology, mechanical properties, and cell behavior of the tubular grafts were characterized. The in vitro study demonstrates that the unique outer layer possesses enhanced SMC penetration compared to the counterpart without hierarchical pores. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrate the potential of such a biomimetic integrated vascular graft for vascular replacement and regeneration.

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Acknowledgements

The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 51973058, 32160229, and 32000947), the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (20202ACBL204013), Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (20212BAB204004), and Jiangxi Provincial high-level and urgently needed overseas talent introduction plan (20212BCJ25021).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Jie Wang, Weijuan Nie and Ming Wang have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Institute of Advanced Materials, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China

    Jie Wang, Weijuan Nie, Ming Wang, Honglin Luo, Quanchao Zhang, Zhiwei Yang & Yizao Wan

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China

    Jie Wang, Weijuan Nie, Ming Wang, Honglin Luo, Quanchao Zhang, Zhiwei Yang & Yizao Wan

  3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China

    Chen Zhang

  4. Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou, 511483, China

    Jian Li

  5. Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300384, China

    Yizao Wan

Authors
  1. Jie Wang
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Correspondence to Quanchao Zhang, Zhiwei Yang or Yizao Wan.

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Wang, J., Nie, W., Wang, M. et al. Constructing Hierarchical Porous Bacterial Cellulose Outer Layer for Enhanced SMCs Infiltration in a Double-Layered Vascular Graft. Fibers Polym 24, 3851–3860 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-023-00345-y

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