Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Seismic Performance Management of Aged Road Facilities in Korea: Part 1 — Fragility Curves

  • Structural Engineering
  • Published:
KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Aims and scope

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a decision-making support system for managing the seismic performance of aged road facilities in a road network, based on their evaluated seismic performance. This study was divided into two parts. In Part 1, seismic fragility functions are developed for bridges, tunnels, retaining walls, and slopes, while considering aging. In Part 2, the degradation of the seismic performance of the road network, along with social and economic resilience are evaluated based on these seismic fragility functions. The developed decision-making support system was applied to domestic test beds in Korea, and the results are discussed in Part 2. To develop seismic fragility, various ground motions suitable for the ground conditions in South Korea were generated. In particular, reduced- and real-size bridge piers and bearings were tested to study the effect of aging on seismic behavior. Other types of facilities, such as tunnels, retaining walls, and slopes, were also analyzed to study the same. For simplicity, representative facilities that can properly represent the seismic behavior of similar facilities were selected from a large number of facilities. The limit states for these representative facilities were defined, and their seismic fragility curves were calculated using these limit states.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) (2017) LRFD road tunnel design and construction guide specifications. AASHTO, Washington DC, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) (2020) LRFD bridge design specifications. AASHTO, Washington DC, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Argyroudis S, Kaynia AM, Pitilakis K (2013) Development of fragility functions for geotechnical constructions: Application to cantilever retaining walls. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 50:106–116, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.02.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker JW (2008) An introduction to probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). White paper, version 1, 72

  • Bentley (2020) PLAXIS 2D Geotechnical finite element analysis software. Bentley Systems: Advancing Infrastructure. Delft, Netherlands

  • Caltrans (2013) Caltrans seismic design criteria. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Transportation

    Google Scholar 

  • CEN (2005) EN 1998-2: Eurocode 8: design of structures for earthquake resistance—Part 2: Bridges. CEN–European Committee for Standardization, Brussels

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen S, Duffield C, Miramini S, Raja BNK, Zhang L (2021) Life-cycle modelling of concrete cracking and reinforcement corrosion in concrete bridges: A case study. Engineering Structures 237:112143, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cornell CA, Jalayer F, Hamburger RO, Foutch DA (2002) Probabilistic basis for 2000 SAC federal emergency management agency steel moment frame guidelines. Journal of Structural Engineering 128:526–533, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:4(526)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CSI (2011) SAP2000 software, ver15. Berkeley, California, USA

  • Dalia S, Abdul-Hamid (2008) Reliability-based analysis of strip footings using response surface methodology. International Journal of Geomechanics ASCE 8(2):134–143, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2008)8:2(134)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellsworth WL, Llenos AL, McGarr AF, Michael AJ, Rubinstein JL, Mueller CS, Petersen MD, Calais E (2015) Increasing seismicity in the U. S. midcontinent: Implications for earthquake hazard. The Leading Edge 34(6):618–626, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1190/tle34060618.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamano M, Igarashi A, Hayashi K, Adachi Y, Dang J (2014) Experimental evaluation of remaining performance and aging deterioration of elastomeric bridge bearings with natural rubber. The 27th KKHTCNN Symposium on Civil Engineering. Shanghai, China

  • Haosheng G, Yoshito I, Kazuya S (2005) Effect of rubber bearing ageing on seismic response of base-isolated steel bridges. Fourth International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures 2:1627–1632, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008044637-0/50242-0

    Google Scholar 

  • Hashash YMA, Musgrove MI, Harmon JA, Ilhan O, Xing G, Groholski D, Phillips CA, Park DH (2020) DEEPSOIL V7.0, user manual. Board of Trustees of University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • HAZUS (2003) Multi-hazard loss estimation methodology: Earthquake model. Washington (DC): Department of Homeland Security, FEMA

    Google Scholar 

  • HAZUS (2020) Hazus earthquake technical manual 4-2. Hazus User & Technical Manuals. Washington (DC): Department of Homeland Security, FEMA

    Google Scholar 

  • Imbsen RA (2013) AASHTO guide specifications for LRFD seismic bridge design. AASHTO, Washington DC, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Itasca Consulting Group (2011) FLAC-Fast lagrangian analysis of continua. Ver. 6.0, Minneapolis: Itasca

    Google Scholar 

  • Japan Road Association (2012) Specifications for highway bridges. Part 4, Japan Road Association

  • Jeon J-S, DesRoches R, Kim T, Choi E (2016) Geometric parameters affecting seismic fragilities of curved multi-frame concrete box-girder bridges with integral abutments. Engineering Structures 122:121–143, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.04.037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaynia MA, Argyroudis S, Mayoral JM, Johansson J, Pitilakis K, Anastasiadis A (2011) D3.7-Fragility functions for roadway system elements. European Project SYNER-G: Systemic seismic vulnerability and risk analysis for buildings, lifeline networks and infrastructures safety gain (FP7-ENV-2009-1-244061)

  • Kim D, Song J, Lee YJ, Yoon S, Yoon D, Lee Y, Kwon Y, Lee D, Choi Y (2023) Seismic performance management of aging road facilities in Korea: Part 2 - Decision-making Support Technology and Its Application. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-023-0601-3

  • Koh C, Ang K, Zhang L (1997) Effects of repeated loading on creep deflection of reinforced concrete beams. Engineering Structures 19(1):2–18, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(96)00028-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korea Authority of Land & Infrastructure Safety (KALIS) (2018) Facility management system. Retrieved November 18, 2018, http://www.fms.or.kr.

  • Korea Authority of Land & Infrastructure Safety (KALIS) (2021) Seismic Performance Evaluation Guideline for Existing Structures. Jinju, South Korea (in Korean)

  • Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) (2017) Study on seismic reinforcement plans for existing transmission and distribution on cable tunnel and electric facilities around the Yangsan fault. Naju, South Korea (in Korean)

  • Kramer SL (1996) Geotechnical earthquake engineering. Pearson Education India

  • Kunihiro H, Yukio A, Naota S, Akira I, and Ji D (2015) Experimental evaluation of seismic residual performance for deteriorated rubber bearings in highway bridges. Proceedings of Joint 6th International Conference on Advances in Experimental Structural Engineering (6AESE) and 11th International Workshop on Advanced Smart Materials and Smart Structures Technology (11ANCRiSST)

  • Lee TH, Park D, Nguyen DD, Park JS (2016) Damage analysis of cut-and-cover tunnel structures under seismic loading. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 14:413–431, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-015-9835-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu J, Elgamal A, Yang Z (2011) OpenSeesPL: 3D lateral pile-ground interaction. San Diego: University of California

    Google Scholar 

  • Mander JB, Priestley MJN, Park R (1988) Theoretical stress-strain model fot confined concrete. Journal of Structural Engineering 114(8):1804–1826, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mangalathu S, Jeon J, Padgett JE, DesRoches R (2016) ANCOVA-based grouping of bridge classes for seismic fragility assessment. Engineering Structures 123:379–394, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.05.054

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKenna F, Fenves GL (2006) Open system for earthquake engineering simulation user manual. Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (OpenSees)

  • Ministry of Construction Transportation (MOCT) (1997) Seismic design criteria research (II) - Seismic design performance standards and economic efficiency, South Korea (in Korean)

  • Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT) (2004) Seismic Performance Evaluation and Improvement Guideline for Existing Structures (Foundation and Substructures). Sejong, South Korea (in Korean)

  • Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT) (2018) General seismic design for Korea: KDS 17 10 00. Sejong, South Korea (in Korean)

  • Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation (MOLIT) (2020) 2020 Road Bridge and Tunnel Status Report, Sejong, South Korea (in Korean)

  • Ministry of Public Safety and Security (MPSS) (2017) Minimum requirements for seismic design, Sejong, South Korea (in Korean)

  • Mott PH, Roland CM (2001) Aging of natural rubber in air and seawater. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 74:79–88, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3547641

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen DD, Park D, Shamsher S, Nguyen VQ, Lee TH (2019) Seismic vulnerability assessment of rectangular cut-and-cover subway tunnels. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 86:247–261, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.01.021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nielson BG (2005) Analytical fragility curves for highway bridges in moderate seismic zones. PhD Thesis. Georgia Institute of Technology. Atlanta, Georgia

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielson BG, DesRoches R (2007) Seismic fragility methodology for highway bridges using a component level approach. Earthquake Engineering Structural Dynamics 36:823–839, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.655

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • PWRI (2015) A study on the damage assessment and repair and reinforcement methods for footings Damaged by Alkali Silica Reaction, Civil Engineering Research Institute Data No. 4304

  • Ramanathan KN (2012) Next generation seismic fragility curves for California bridges incorporating the evolution in seismic design philosophy. PhD Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology

  • Rollins K, Hollenbaugh J (2015) Liquefaction induced negative skin friction from blast-induced liquefaction tests with auger-cast piles. In: Proceedings of 6th international conference on earthquake geotechnical engineering, New Zealand Geotechnical Society, Christchurch, New Zealand

    Google Scholar 

  • Seo H, Kim B, Park D (2021) Seismic fragility evaluation of inverted T-type wall considering site conditions. KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research 41(5):533–541, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12652/KSCE.2021.41.5.0533 (in Korean)

    Google Scholar 

  • Seo H, Lee Y-J, Park D, Kim B (2022) Seismic fragility assessment for cantilever retaining walls with various backfill slopes in South Korea. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 161, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107443

  • Shamsabadi A, Yan L (2008) Closed-form force-displacement backbone curves for bridge abutment-backfill systems. Proceedings of the geotechnical earthquake engineering and soil dynamics IV. American Society of Civil Engineers, 1–10

  • Soda N, Yamda K, Kimizu T, Hirose T, Suzuki M (2013) Performance test of natural rubber bearing ruptured according to the 2011 off the pacific coast of tohoku earthquake. Journal of Structural Engineering, A 59A:516–526, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11532/structcivil.59A.516

    Google Scholar 

  • Stringer ME, Madabhushi SPG (2010) Improving model quality through computer controlled saturation. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 28 June–1 July, Zurich, Switzerland

  • Sun D, Huang C, Cao Z, Wu K, Zhang L (2021) Reliability assessment of concrete under external sulfate attack. Case Studies in Construction Materials 15:e00690, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00690

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tran DTP, Cho Y, Seo H, Kim B (2022) Seismic fragility assessment on earth slopes in South Korea using finite element simulations (under review)

  • US Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration (1996) Seismic Design Course Design Example No. 6

  • Valley L, Perez BFG, Haydon WD, Wiegers MO (2012) California Geological Survey Zones of Required Investigation for Earthquake-Induced Landslides–Earthquake-Induced Landslide Hazard

  • Wang Z (2011) Seismic hazard assessment: issues and alternatives. Pure and Applied Geophysics 168:11–25, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-010-0148-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu Y, Prakash S (2001) Seismic displacement of rigid retaining walls. International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, California, USA

  • Zamiran S, Osouli A (2018) Seismic motion response and fragility analyses of cantilever retaining walls with cohesive backfill. Soils and Found 58(2):412–426, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2018.02.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by a grant (21SCIP-B146946-04) from Smart Civil Infrastructure Research Program funded by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation of Korean Government. The authors appreciate the contributions of Oh-Sung Kwon, Jong-Han Lee, Seong-Hoon Jeong, Jong-Keol Song, Jinsup Kim, Byung Ho Choi, and Seungjun Kim in finalizing this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Civil Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Korea

    Soobong Shin, Ki-Il Song & Hyojoon An

  2. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan University, Ulsan, 44610, Korea

    Ickhyun Kim

  3. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea

    Duhee Park

  4. Dept. of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Korea

    Byungmin Kim

  5. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Korea

    Kee-Jeung Hong

Authors
  1. Soobong Shin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ickhyun Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ki-Il Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Duhee Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Byungmin Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Hyojoon An
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Kee-Jeung Hong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kee-Jeung Hong.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shin, S., Kim, I., Song, KI. et al. Seismic Performance Management of Aged Road Facilities in Korea: Part 1 — Fragility Curves. KSCE J Civ Eng 28, 1853–1872 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-0598-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-024-0598-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation