Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Theories and Theorizers: A Contextual Approach to Theories of Cognition

  • Regular Article
  • Published:
Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An undisputable characteristic of cognitive science is its enormous diversity of theories. Not surprisingly, these often belong to different paradigms that focus on different processes and levels of analysis. A related problem is that researchers of cognition frequently seem to ascribe to incompatible approaches to research, creating a Tower of Babel of cognitive knowledge. This text presents a pragmatic model of meta-theoretical analysis, a theory conceived of to examine other theories, which allows cognitive theories to be described, integrated and compared. After a brief introduction to meta-theoretical analysis in cognitive science, the dynamic and structural components of a theory are described. The analysis of conceptual mappings between components and explanation strategies is also described, as well as the processes of intra-theory generalization and inter-theory comparison. The various components of the meta-theoretical model are presented with examples of different cognitive theories, mainly focusing on two current approaches to research: The dynamical approach to cognition and the computer metaphor of mind. Finally, two potential counter arguments to the model are presented and discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. The prefix ‘quasi’ is significant, given that unlike the common-sense notion of ‘pictorial’ the core is not considered a totally static component and it does not exclude language properties.

  2. Polanyi (1974) asserts that the allocation of meaning is an act of personal knowledge. ‘Q is true’ refers the personal assertion of Q. The formalization of meaning is created based on its practice, based on tacit knowledge, which acts in a subsidiary fashion upon the explicit focus. So, understanding the meaning of formal characters is a non-formal operation.

  3. The introduction of facts that belong to a particular logical category into another one implies a categorical mistake. The logical type or category to which a concept belongs is the collection of ways in which it can be used with logical legitimacy. When two terms belong to the same category it is possible to put them together, but a categorical error is made when two terms belonging to different categories are combined. In philosophy of mind the main categorical error is to represent the events of mental life as if they belonged to a certain class of categories when in reality they belong to another (Ryle 1949).

  4. In fact, the notion of ontology does not just depend on a particular scientific theory but also on our own humanity. Suppose that a certain person survives for 10,000 years. Her view of reality, ontology and epistemology would be totally different from ours. Where we see objects, she would see configurations; her entire world would be processes, some more stable (like the mountains) and others more ephemeral (like living beings). What we call objects would be a successive series of processes of integration, decomposition, separation and condensation. Our temporality, our spatiality, our very humanity is the frame through which we know.

References

  • Agazzi, E., & Lenk, H. (1998). Advances in philosophy of technology. Philosophy & Technology, 4, 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amstrong, D., Stokoe, W., & Wilcox, S. (1994). Signs of the origin of syntax. Current Anthropology, 35, 349–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, M. (2003). Embodied cognition: a field guide. Artificial Intelligence, 149, 91–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aravena, P., Hurtado, E., Riveros, R., Cardona, F., Manes, F., & Ibáñez, A. (2010). Applauding with closed hands: neural signature of action sentence compatibility effects. PLoS ONE, 5(7): e11751. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011751

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baake, A. (2003). Metaphor and knowledge: The challenges of writing science. Albany: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, P., & Moya, A. (1998). When context goes beyond cognition. NY: Brassel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahrick, H. P. (1987). Explaining context effects on short-term memory. In D. S. Gorfein & R. Hoffman (Eds.), Memory and learning: The Ebbinghaus centennial conference (pp. 387–395). New Jersey: Earlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barkow, J., Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (1992). The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett, F. C. (1932). Remembering. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barutta, J., Gleichgerrcht E., & Ibáñez, A. (2010a). Neurodynamics of mind: the arrow illusion of conscious intentionality as downward causation. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 44(2), 127–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barutta, J., Aravena, P., & Ibáñez, A. (2010b). The machine paradigm and alternative approaches in cognitive science. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 44(2), 176–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bechtel, W. (1998). Representations and cognitive explanations: assessing the dynamicist challenge in cognitive science. Cognitive Science, 22, 295–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bechtel, W., & Richardson, R. C. (1993). Discovering complexity: Decomposition and localization as strategies in scientific research. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bem, S. (2001). The explanatory autonomy of psychology: why a mind is not a brain. Theory & Psychology, 11, 785–795.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boon, J. C. W., & Davies, G. (1988). Attitudinal influences on witness memory: Fact and fiction. In M. Gruneberg, P. Morris & R. Sykes (Eds.), Practical aspects of memory: Current research and issues (pp. 53–58). Chisester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bransford, J., McCarrell, N., Franks, J., & Nitsch, K. (1977). Perceiving, acting, and knowing. New Jersey: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breakspear, M., & Stam C. J. (2005). Dynamics of a neural system with a multiscale architecture. Philosophical Transactions el the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 360(1457), 1051–1074.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, T. (2003). Making truth: Metaphor in science. Illinios: University of Illinois Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carnap, R. (1967). The logical structure of the world and pseudoproblems in philosophy. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, A. (1997). Being there: Putting brain, body and world together again. Cambridge: MIT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornejo, C. (2004). Who says what the words say? The problem of linguistic meaning in psychology. Theory & Psychology, 14(1), 5–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cornejo, C. (2006). Psychology in times of anti-mentalism. Social Practice/Psychological Theorizing, Article 3. Available at http://sppt-gulerce.boun.edu.tr.html

  • Cornejo, C. (2007). The locus of subjectivity in cultural studies. Culture & Psychology, 13(2), 243–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cornejo, C., Simonetti, F., Aldunate, N., Ibáñez, A., López, V., & Melloni, L. (2007). Electrophysiological evidence of different interpretive strategies in irony comprehension. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 36(6):411–430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cornejo C., Simonetti F., Ibáñez, A., Aldunate N., Lopez V., Ceric, F., et al. (2009). Gesture and metaphor: electrophysiological evidence of N400 multimodal modulation . Brain and Cognition, 70(1), 42–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cosmelli, D., & Ibanez, A. (2008). Human cognition in context: on the biologic, cognitive and social reconsideration of meaning. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, 42(2):233–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, D. (1978). On metaphor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, D. (1998). The myth of the subjective. In M. Krausz (Ed.), Relativism: Interpretation and confrontation (pp. 216–226). Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Jong, L. (2001). A symposium on explanatory pluralism. Theory & Psychology, 11, 860–863.

    Google Scholar 

  • Decety, J., & Lamm, C. (2006). Human empathy through the lens of social neuroscience. Scientific World Journal, 20(6), 1146–1163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dennett, D. (1995). Darwin’s dangerous idea: Evolution and the meanings of life. New York: Simon and Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dourish, P. (2001). Where the action is: The foundations of embodied interaction. Cambridge: MIT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dreyfus, H., & Dreyfus, S. (1990). Making a mind versus modeling the brain: Artificial Intelligence back at a branchpoint. In S. R. Graubard (Ed.), The artificial intelligence debate: False starts, real foundations (pp. 221–273). Cambridge: MIT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dufey, M., Hurtado, E., Fernández, A. M. Manes, F, & Ibáñez, A. (2010). Exploring the relationship between vagal tone and event-related potentials in response to an affective picture task. Social Neuroscience, 23, 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duhem, P. (1905). La théorie physique: son objet, sa structure. Paris: Marcel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Echeverría, J. (1995). Filosofía de la Ciencia. Madrid: Akal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edmonds, B. (1996). Pragmatic holism. Foundations of Science, 4(1), 57–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eisemberg, A. (1992). Metaphor in the language of science. Scientific American, 266, 144–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fauconnier, G., & Turner, M. (1996). Conceptual structure, discourse, and language. Stanford: Center for the Study of Language and Information.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fauconnier, G., & Turner, M. (1998). Conceptual integration networks. Cognitive Science, 22, 133–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fauconnier, G., & Turner, M. (2002) The way we think: Conceptual blending and the mind’s hidden complexities. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feyerabend, P. (1978). Against method. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, W. J. (2003). A neurobiological theory of meaning and perception. Neural Networks, 2, 1373–1378.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freud, S. (1924). A general introduction of psychoanalysis. New York: Pocket Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gentner, D., & Jeziorski, M. (1993). From metaphor to analogy in western science. In A. Ortony (Ed.), Metaphor and thought (pp. 447–480). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gershenson, C. (2004). Cognitive paradigms: which one is the best? Cognitive Systems Research, 5(2), 135–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs, R. (1994). The poetics of the mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson, J. (1979). The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gigerenzer, G. (1991). From tools to theories: a heuristic of discovery in cognitive psychology. Psychological Review, 98, 254–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gigerenzer, G. (1992). Discovery in cognitive psychology: new tools inspire new theories. Science in context, 5, 329–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldin-Meadow, S., Nusbaum, H., Kelly, S., & Wagner, S. (2001). Explaining math: gesturing lightens the load. Psychological Science, 12, 516–522.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guerra, S., Ibáñez A., Martín M., Bobes M. A., Reyes A., Mendoza R., et al. (2009). N400 deficits from semantic matching of pictures in probands and first degrees relatives from multiplex schizophrenia families. Brain and Cognition, 70(2):221–230.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hooke, R. (1705). The posthumous works of Robert Hooke. London: Waller. original work published 1682.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horgan, J. (2001). La mente por descubrir. Barcelona: Ediciones Paidós Ibérica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurtado, E., Gonzalez, R., Haye, A., Manes, F., & Ibanez, A. (2009). Contextual blending of ingroup/outgroup face stimuli and word valence: LPP modulation and convergence of measures. BMC Neuroscience, 10, 69.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ibáñez A. (2007a). The neurodynamic core of consciousness and neural darwinism. Revista de Neurología (Behavioral Neurology), 45(9), 547–555.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibáñez, A. (2007b). Complexity and cognition: mind and brain as a topological dynamical system. Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences, 11(1), 51–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibáñez, A. (2008). Dinámica de la Cognición. Santiago de Chile: JCSaez.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibáñez, A., & Cosmelli, D. (2008) Moving beyond computational cognitivism: understanding intentionality, intersubjectivity and ecology of mind. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, 42(2), 129–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ibáñez, A., Lopez, V., & Cornejo, C. (2006). ERPs and contextual semantic discrimination: evidence of degrees of congruency in wakefulness and sleep. Brain and Language, 98(3), 264–275.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ibáñez, A., Haye, A., González, R., Hurtado, E., & Henríquez, R. (2009a). Multi-level analysis of cultural phenomena: the role of ERP approach to prejudice. The Journal for Theory in Social Behavior, 39, 81–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ibáñez, A., Escobar, J., Riveros, R., & Barutta, J. (2009b) Aproximaciones multinivel y socio-neurociencias: Integrando niveles biológicos y sociales. Santiago de Chile: JCSaez Editor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibáñez, A., Manes, F., Escobar, J., Trujillo, N., Andreucci, P., & Hurtado, E. (2010a). Gesture influences the processing of figurative language in non-native speakers. Neuroscience Letters, 471, 48–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ibánez, A., Riveros, R., Aravena, P., Vergara, V., Cardona, J. F., García, L., et al. (2010b). When context is hard to integrate: cortical measures of congruency in schizophrenics and healthy relatives from multiplex families. Schizophrenia Research. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.04.008

  • Ibáñez, A., Toro, P., Cornejo, C., Urquina, H., Manes, F., Weisbrod, M., et al. (2010c). High contextual sensitivity of metaphorical expressions and gesture blending: a video ERP design. Psychiatry Research, Neuroimaging, 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.08.008

  • Ibáñez, A., Gleichgerrcht, E., Hurtado, E., González, R., Haye, A., & Manes, F. (2010d). Neural markers of early contextual blending: N170 modulation of ingroup/outgroup relative position and associated valence. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 4, 188. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2010.00188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Indurkhya, B. (1992). Metaphor and cognition. An interactionistic approach. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iverson, J. (1999). Hand, mouth, and brain: The dynamic emergence of speech and gesture. In R. Núñez & W. J. Freeman (Eds), Reclaiming cognition: The primacy of action, intention and emotion (pp. 34–41). South Dakota: Imprint Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, W. (1890). Principles of psychology. New York: Dover.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M. (1987). The body in the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M. (1991). Knowing through the body. Philosophical Psychology, 4, 3–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koriat, A., & Goldsmith, M. (1996). Memory metaphors and the real-life/laboratory controversy: correspondence versus storehouse conceptions of memory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19(2), 167–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T. (1962). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T. (1983), Commensurability, comparability, communicability. In P. D. Asquith & T. Nickles (Eds.), Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association, 1982 (pp. 669–688). East Lansing: Philosophy of Science Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakatos, I. (1983). La Metodología de los Programas de Investigación. Madrid: Alianza.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakoff, G. (1993). The contemporary theory of metaphor. In A. Ortony (Ed.), Metaphor and thought (pp. 202–251). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1998). Philosophy in the flesh: The embodied mind and its challenge to western thought. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakoff, G., & Núñez, R. (2000). Where mathematics comes from: How the embodied mind brings mathematics into being. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leary, D. (Ed.). (1990). Metaphors in the history of psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leech, R., Mareschal, D., & Cooper, R. P. (2008). Analogy as relational priming: a developmental and computational perspective on the origins of a complex cognitive skill. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 31(4), 357–378.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Locke, J. (1975). An essay concerning human understanding. Oxford: Clarendon. original work published 1690.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longo, G. (1999). Mathematical intelligence, infinity and machines: beyond the gödelitis. Mathematical intelligence, infinity and machines: beyond the gödelitis. Journal of Consciousness Studies (special issue on cognition), 6, 11–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longo, G. (2003). In Space and time in the foundations of mathematics, or some challenges in the interactions with other sciences, First American Math. Soc./SMF meeting, Lyon.

  • McNeill, D. (1992). Hand and mind what gestures reveal about thought. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNeill, D. (2000). Language and gesture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Moulines, C. U. (1991). Pluralidad y recursión. Madrid: Alianza.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neisser, U. (1984). Interpreting Harry Bahrick’s discovery: what confers immunity against forgetting. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 113, 32–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neisser, U. (1988). The ecological approach to perception and memory. New Trends in Experimental and Clinical Psychiatry, 4, 153–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nerlich, B., Johnson, S., & Clarke, D. (2003). The first ‘designer baby’: the role of narratives, clichés and metaphors in the year 2000 media debate. Science as Culture, 12, 471–498.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Newell, A., & Simon, H. (1961). Computers and thought. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Núñez, R. (2004). Do real numbers really move? In F. Iida, R. Pfeifer, L. Steels & Y. Kuniyoshi (Eds.), Embodied artificial intelligence (pp. 54–73). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ortony, A. (1993). Metaphor and thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paton, R., Nwana, H., Shave, M., & Bench-Capon, T. (1994). An examination of some metaphorical contexts for biologically motivated computing. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 45, 505–525.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petruccio, S. (1993). Atoms, metaphors, and paradoxes: Niels Bohr and the construction of a new physics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Polanyi, M. (1968). Logic and psychology. American Psychologist, 23, 28–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polanyi, M. (1969). Knowing and being. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polanyi, M. (1970). Science and man. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 63, 969–976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polanyi, M. (1974). Personal knowledge. Towards a post critical philosophy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quine, W. (1951). Two dogmas of empirisism. The Philosophical Review, 60, 20–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quine, W. (1969). Ontological relativity and other essays. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichenbach, H. (1938). Experience and prediction: An analysis of the foundations of the structure of knowledge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Riveros, R., Manes, F., Hurtado, E., Escobar, Reyes, M., Cetkovich, M., et al. (2010). Context-sensitive social cognition is impaired in schizophrenic patients and their healthy relatives. Schizophrenia Research, 116, 297–298.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roediger, H. L. (1980). Memory metaphors in cognitive psychology. Memory & Cognition, 8, 231–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rohrer, T. (2001). Language and ideology: Cognitive theoretic approaches. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohrer, T. (2002). The cognitive science of metaphor from philosophy to neuroscience. Theoria et Historia Scientiarum, 6, 234–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Root-Berstein, R. (2003). Metaphorical thinking. American Scientist, 16, 234–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rorty, R. (1982). Consequences of pragmatism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • San Martín, R., Manes, F., Hurtado, E., Isla, P., & Ibáñez, A. (2010). Size and probability of rewards modulate the feedback error-related negativity associated with wins but not losses in a monetarily rewarded gambling task. NeuroImage, 51, 1194–1204

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Searle, J. (1978). Literal meaning. Erkenntnis, 1, 207–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Searle, J. (1991). Response: The background of intentionality and action. In Lepore & Van Gulick (Eds.), John Searle and his critics (pp. 289–299). Cambridge: Blackwell.

  • Searle, J. (1992). The rediscovery of the mind. Cambridge: MIT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skarda, C. A., & Freeman, W. J. (1987). How brains make chaos in order to make sense of the world. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 10, 161–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, E. R., & Collins E. C. (2009). Contextualizing person perception: distributed social cognition. Psychological Review, 116(2), 343–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sneed, J. (1971). The logical structure of mathematical physics. Dordrecht: Reidel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stegmüller, W. (1976). The structure and dynamics of theories. New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweetser, E. (1990). From etymology to pragmatics: The mind-as-body metaphor in semantic structure and semantic change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turvey, M. T. (2007). Action and perception at the level of synergies. Human Movement Science, 26(4), 657–697.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Venville, G., & Treagust, D. (1997). Analogies in biology education: a contentious issue. The American Biology Teacher, 59, 282–287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, P. (1993). Metaphorical mappings in american sign language. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox, P. (1996). Not from Jove’s brow. Language & Communication, 26,179–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winograd, E. (1988). Continuities between ecological and laboratory approaches to memory. In U. Neisser & E. Winograd (Eds.), Remembering reconsidered: Ecological and traditional approaches to the study of memory (pp. 11–20). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Agustín Ibáñez

  2. Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neurology, INECO, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Joaquín Barutta & Agustín Ibáñez

  3. Neuroscience Laboratory, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago de Chile, Chile

    Agustín Ibáñez

  4. Laboratory of Epistemology and History of Medicine (LEPHIM), Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Joaquín Barutta

  5. Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Carlos Cornejo

  6. Laboratory of Experimental Psychology & Neuroscience Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO) & CONICET, Castex 3293 (CP 1425), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Agustín Ibáñez

Authors
  1. Joaquín Barutta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Carlos Cornejo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Agustín Ibáñez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Agustín Ibáñez.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Barutta, J., Cornejo, C. & Ibáñez, A. Theories and Theorizers: A Contextual Approach to Theories of Cognition. Integr. psych. behav. 45, 223–246 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-011-9156-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-011-9156-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation