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The functional role of circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of retinoblastoma: a new potential biomarker and therapeutic target?

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Abstract

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a common cancer in infants and children. It is a curable disease; however, a delayed diagnosis or treatment makes the treatment difficult. Genetic mutations have a central role in the pathogenesis of RB. Genetic materials such as RNAs (coding and non-coding RNAs) are also involved in the progression of the tumor. Circular RNA (circRNA) is the most recently identified RNA and is involved in regulating gene expression mainly through “microRNA sponges”. The dysregulation of circRNAs has been observed in several diseases and tumors. Also, various studies have shown that circRNAs expression is changed in RB tissues. Due to their role in the pathogenesis of the disease, circRNAs might be helpful as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker in patients with RB. In addition, circRNAs could be a suitable therapeutic target to treat RB in a targeted therapy approach.

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Data availability

Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

Abbreviations

RB:

Retinoblastoma

miRNA:

MicroRNA

circRNA:

Circular RNA

pRB:

Retinoblastoma protein

CDKs:

Cyclin-dependent kinases

EZH2:

Zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit

lncRNAs:

Long non-coding RNAs

EcRNAs:

Exonic circRNAs

EIciRNAs:

Exonic-intronic circRNAs

ciRNAs:

Circular intronic RNAs

tricRNAs:

Pre-tRNA derived circRNAs

MBL:

Muscleblind

RBPs:

RNA-binding proteins

ADAR1:

Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1

DHX9:

DExH-box helicase 9

TSEN:

TRNA splicing endonuclease

BHB:

Bulge-helix-bulge

AGO:

Argonaute

CRC:

Colorectal cancer

ORF:

Open reading frame

EMT:

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition

DHDDS:

Dehydrodolichol diphosphate synthase

STX17:

Syntaxin 17

SNAP29:

Synaptosome-associated protein 29

VAMP8:

Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8

ADAM19:

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 19

EMC9:

ER membrane protein complex subunit 9

LRP6:

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6

SLC7A5:

Solute carrier family 7 member 5

hTERT:

Human telomerase reverse transcriptase

RHBDD1:

Rhomboid domain-containing protein 1

PDK1:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1

HDAC9:

Histone deacetylase 9

SMAD2:

SMAD family member 2

TET1:

Ten–eleven translocation 1

PDCD4:

Programmed cell death 4

SOCS2:

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2

GJB4:

Gap junction beta-4

ROCK1:

Coiled‑coil containing protein kinase 1

PEG10:

Paternally expressed 10

NSCLC:

Non-small cell lung cancer

LASP1:

LIM and SH3 protein 1

SHPRH:

Snf2 histone linker PHD RING helicase

MMPs:

Matrix metalloproteinases

ODC1:

Ornithine decarboxylase

SKP2:

S‐phase kinase‐associated protein 2

TRHDE:

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone-degrading enzyme

shRNA:

Short hairpin RNA

CUL2:

Cullin 2

DDX42:

DEAD-box helicase 42

ABCB1:

ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1

XIAP:

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis

OSCC:

Oral squamous cell carcinoma

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

    Mohsen Karami Fath

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

    Sasan Pourbagher Benam

  3. Faculty of Medicine, Rudn University of Moscow, Moscow, Russia

    Niloofar Kouhi Esfahani

  4. School of Allied Medical Sciences, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran

    Negar Shahkarami

  5. School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

    Shahriyar Shafa

  6. Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

    Hossein Bagheri

  7. Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Seyyed-Ghavam Shafagh

  8. Division Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

    Zahra Payandeh

  9. Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran

    Ghasem Barati

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Karami Fath, M., Pourbagher Benam, S., Kouhi Esfahani, N. et al. The functional role of circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of retinoblastoma: a new potential biomarker and therapeutic target?. Clin Transl Oncol 25, 2350–2364 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-023-03144-2

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