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Non-coding RNAs as potential biomarkers of gallbladder cancer

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Abstract

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) performs strongly invasive and poor prognosis, and adenocarcinoma is the most common histological type in it. Statistically, the 5-year survival rate of patients with advanced GBC is less than 5%. Such dismal outcome might be caused by chemotherapy resistance and native biology of tumor cells, regardless of emerging therapeutic strategies. Early diagnosis, depending on biomarkers, receptors and secretive proteins, is more important than clinical therapy, guiding the pathologic stage of cancer and the choice of medication. Therefore, it is in urgent need to understand the specific pathogenesis of GBC and strive to find promising novel biomarkers for early screening in GBC. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are confirmed to participate in and regulate the occurrence and development of GBC. Exceptionally, lncRNAs and circRNAs could act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) containing binding sites for miRNAs and crosstalk with miRNAs to target regulatory downstream protein-coding messenger RNAs (mRNAs), thus affecting the expression levels of specific proteins to participate in and regulate the development and progression of GBC. It follows that ncRNAs may become promising biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for GBC. In this review, we mainly summarize the recent research progress of miRNAs and lncRNAs in regulating the development and progression of GBC, chemoresistance, and predicting the prognosis of patients, and highlight the potential applications of the lncRNA/circRNA–miRNA–mRNA cross-regulatory networks in early diagnosis, chemoresistance, and prognostic evaluation, aiming to better understand the pathogenesis of GBC and develop new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China

    Yan Lv

  2. College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Life Science Building, No.8 Daxue Road, Yichang, 443002, China

    Yan Lv & Wanyue Yin

  3. The Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory On Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China

    Zhikai Zhang

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  1. Yan Lv
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  2. Wanyue Yin
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YL wrote and revised the manuscript, and reviewed the literature and approved the version to be published. WY and ZZ participated in the revision and polishing of the manuscript.

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Lv, Y., Yin, W. & Zhang, Z. Non-coding RNAs as potential biomarkers of gallbladder cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 25, 1489–1511 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-022-03056-7

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