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Diverse Metabolic Capacities of Fungi for Bioremediation

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Abstract

Bioremediation refers to cost-effective and environment-friendly method for converting the toxic, recalcitrant pollutants into environmentally benign products through the action of various biological treatments. Fungi play a major role in bioremediation owing to their robust morphology and diverse metabolic capacity. The review focuses on different fungal groups from a variety of habitats with their role in bioremediation of different toxic and recalcitrant compounds; persistent organic pollutants, textile dyes, effluents from textile, bleached kraft pulp, leather tanning industries, petroleum, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and pesticides. Bioremediation of toxic organics by fungi is the most sustainable and green route for cleanup of contaminated sites and we discuss the multiple modes employed by fungi for detoxification of different toxic and recalcitrant compounds including prominent fungal enzymes viz., catalases, laccases, peroxidases and cyrochrome P450 monooxygeneses. We have also discussed the recent advances in enzyme engineering and genomics and research being carried out to trace the less understood bioremediation pathways.

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Abbreviations

AM:

Arbuscular mycorrhiza

AMF:

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

APs:

Alkylphenols

BPS:

Biopurification system

DyPs:

Dye-decolorizing peroxidases

DDT:

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane

DTAB:

Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide

ECHO:

Extra-heavy crude oil

EDCs:

Endocrine disrupting chemicals

ESI:

Electron spray ionization

ESTs:

Expressed sequence tags

ETPs:

Effluent treatment plants

HMW-PAHs:

High molecular weight PAHs

LiP:

Lignin peroxidases

MnP:

Manganese peroxidases

MSW:

Municipal solid waste

M-TRFLP:

Multiplex terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism

OFMSW:

Organic fraction of MSW

PAHs:

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons

PCBs:

Polychlorinated biphenyls

PCDDs:

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins

PCDFs:

Polychlorinated dibenzofurans

PCS:

Phytochelatin synthase

POPs:

Persistent organic pollutants

PPCPs:

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SSF:

Solid-state fermentation

SSH:

Suppression subtractive hybridization

TALEN:

TAL effector nuclease (TALEN)

TNT:

Tri-nitro toluene

TOC:

Total organic carbon

TrOCs:

Trace organic contaminants

TCP:

3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol

UPO:

Unspecific peroxygenases

VFAs:

Volatile fatty acids

VP:

Versatile peroxidase

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Director, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), for providing necessary facilities for this work. Radhika Deshmukh is grateful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India for the award of Junior and Senior Research Fellowship. Funds from CSIR for 12th Five Year Plan project ESC0108 are also gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Environmental Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India

    Radhika Deshmukh, Anshuman A. Khardenavis & Hemant J. Purohit

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Deshmukh, R., Khardenavis, A.A. & Purohit, H.J. Diverse Metabolic Capacities of Fungi for Bioremediation. Indian J Microbiol 56, 247–264 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-016-0584-6

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