Abstract
Mass attenuation coefficients (µ/ρ) for Zr, Nb, Mo and Pd elements around their K-edges are measured at 14 energies in the range 15.744–28.564 keV using secondary excitation from thin Zr, Nb, Mo, Rh, Pd, Cd and Sn foils. The measurements were carried out at the K α and K β energy values of the target elements by two techniques: (1) Proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and (2) 241Am (300 mCi) source. In PIXE, 2 MeV proton-excited X-rays were detected by a Si(Li) detector. In the second case, X-rays excited by 59.54 keV photons from the targets were counted by an HPGe detector under a narrow beam good geometry set-up with sufficient shielding. The results are consistent with theoretical values derived from the XCOM package and indicate that the PIXE data have better statistical accuracy.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R D Evans, The atomic nucleus (Tata McGraw Hill, New York, 1955) p. 713
D F Jackson, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 193, 387 (1982).
A T L Tan, V Lakshminarayan, I S Giles and A Rajaratnam, Nuovo Cimento A99, 587 (1988).
U Turgat, E Buyukkasap, O Simsek and M Ertugrul, J. Quant. Spectros. Radiat. Transfer 92, 143 (2005).
J H Hubbell, W H McMaster, N Kerr Del Grande and J H Mallet, Int. Tables X-Ray Crystallogr. 4, 47 (1974).
N Ramachandran, K Karunakaran Nair, K K Abdullah and K M Varier, Pramana — J. Phys. 67, 507 (2006).
S B Appaji Gowda, M L Mallikarjuna, R Gowda and T K Umesh, Pramana — J. Phys. 61, 539 (2003).
S B Appaji Gowda and T K Umesh, Nucl. Instrum. Methods in Phys. Res. B243, 2 (2006).
G Budak and A Karabulut, Nucl. Instrum. Methods in Phys. Res. B149, 379 (1999).
A A Tajuddin, C S Chong, A Shukri, A Bandyopadhyay and D A Bradley, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 46, 113 (1995).
M L Mallikarjuna, S B Appaji Gowda, K E Ganesh, R Gowda and T K Umesh, Nucl. Instrum. Methods in Phys. Res. 215, 4 (2004).
B R Kerur, V T Manjula, M T Lagare and S Anil Kumar, Radiat. Mea. 44, 63 (2009).
M Angelone, T Bubba and A Esposito, Appl. Radiat. Isotopes 55 505 (2001).
U Turgut, O Simsek and E Buyukkasap, Pramana — J. Phys. 69, 199 (2007).
K M Varier and M P Unnikrishnan, Phys. Rev. A33, 2382 (1986)
J Braziewicsz, E Braziewicsz and M Pajek, Nucl. Instrum. Methods in Phys. Res. B75(1–4), 68 (1993)
G Budak and R Polat, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 88, 525 (2004)
Recep Polat, Orhen Icelli and Gokhan Budak, Anal. Chim. Acta 505, 307 (2004)
K K Abdullah, N Ramachandran, K Karunakaran Nair, B R S Babu, Antony Joseph, Rajive Thomas and K M Varier, Pramana — J. Phys. 70, 633 (2008)
Masaya Tamura, Tadashi Akimoto, Yohei Aoki, Jiro Ikeda, Koichi Sato, Fumiyuki Fujita, Akira Homma, Teruko Sawamura and Masakuni Narita, Nucl. Instrum. Methods in Phys. Res. A484, 642 (2002)
C T Chantler, C Q Tran, Z Barnea, D Paterson, D J Cookson and D X Balaic, Phys. Rev. A64, 062506.1–062506.15 (2001)
K K Abdullah, Studies on X-ray interactions near K-edge using 241 Am source and PIXE, Ph.D Thesis (unpublished) (University of Calicut, Calicut, India, 2007) and other references cited therein
E B Saloman and J H Hubbell, At. Data Nucl. Tables 38, 1 (1988) and other references therein
M J Berger, J H Hubbell, S M Seltzer, J S Coursey and D S Zucker, ‘XCOM: Photon Cross Section Database (version 1.2)’ (Online), National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD (2003)
M J Berger and J H Hubbell, XCOM: Photon cross sections on a personal computer, Program manual, Centre for Radiation Research, National Bureau of Investigations Standards MD20899 (1990)
M J Berger and J H Hubbell, XCOM version 3.1 — NIST Standard Reference Data Base (1999)
C M Lederer and V S Shirly, Table of isotopes (Wiley Interscience, New York, 1978)
B P Ajithkumar and E T Subramaniam, Unpublished report (Inter University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi, 1995)
R D Deslattes, An experimental study of X-ray attenuation coefficients, 8–30 keV, Dissertation (John Hopkins University, Baltimore, 1959)
M Kefi, J M Andre, Y Heno, G Giorgi and C Bonnelle, Phys. Rev. A45, 2859 (1992)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abdullah, K.K., Karunakaran Nair, K., Ramachandran, N. et al. X-ray attenuation around K-edge of Zr, Nb, Mo and Pd: A comparative study using proton-induced X-ray emission and 241Am gamma rays. Pramana - J Phys 75, 459–469 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12043-010-0131-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12043-010-0131-7