Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Skin anti-photoaging properties of ginsenoside Rh2 epimers in UV-B-irradiated human keratinocyte cells

  • Published:
Journal of Biosciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ginseng, one of the most widely used herbal medicines, has a wide range of therapeutic and pharmacological applications. Ginsenosides are the major bioactive ingredients of ginseng, which are responsible for various pharmacological activities of ginseng. Ginsenoside Rh2, known as an antitumour ginsenoside, exists as two different stereoisomeric forms, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 [20(S)-Rh2] and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 [20(R)-Rh2]. This work aimed to assess and compare skin anti-photoaging activities of 20(S)-Rh2 and 20(R)-Rh2 in UV-B-irradiated HaCat cells. 20(S)-Rh2, but not 20(R)-Rh2, was able to suppress UV-B-induced ROS production in HaCat cells. Both stereoisomeric forms could not modulate cellular survival and NO level in UV-B-irradiated HaCat cells. Both 20(S)-Rh2 and 20(R)-Rh2 exhibited suppressive effects on UV-B-induced MMP-2 activity and expression in HaCat cells. In brief, the two stereoisomers of ginsenoside Rh2, 20(S)-Rh2 and 20(R)-Rh2, possess skin anti-photoaging effects but possibly in different fashions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

MMP:

matrix metalloproteinase

NO:

nitric oxide

20(R)-Rh2:

20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2

20(S)-Rh2:

20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

References

  • Aitken GR, Henderson JR, Chang SC, McNeil CJ and Birch-Machin MA 2007 Direct monitoring of UV-induced free radical generation in HaCaT keratinocytes. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 32 722–727

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aoki-Yoshida A, Aoki R and Takayama Y 2013 Protective effect of pyruvate against UVB-induced damage in HaCaT human keratinocytes. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 115 442–448

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bae EA, Han MJ, Kim EJ and Kim DH 2004 Transformation of ginseng saponins to ginsenoside Rh2 by acids and human intestinal bacteria and biological activities of their transformants. Arch. Pharm. Res. 27 61–67

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baek NI, Kim DS, Lee YH, Park JD, Lee CB and Kim SI 1996 Ginsenoside Rh4, a genuine dammarane glycoside from Korean red ginseng. Planta Med. 62 86–87

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barresi C, Stremnitzer C, Mlitz V, Kezic S, Kammeyer A, Ghannadan M, Posa-Markaryan K, Selden C, et al. 2011 Increased sensitivity of histidinemic mice to UVB radiation suggests a crucial role of endogenous urocanic acid in photoprotection. J. Invest. Dermatol. 131 188–194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Birch-Machin MA and Swalwell H 2010 How mitochondria record the effects of UV exposure and oxidative stress using human skin as a model tissue. Mutagenesis 25 101–107

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Curran S and Murray GI 1999 Matrix metalloproteinases in tumour invasion and metastasis. J. Pathol. 189 300–308

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freshney RI 1994 Culture of animal cells: a manual of basic technique 4th edition (New York: Wiley-Liss Press)

  • Hwang JT, Kim SH, Lee MS, Kim SH, Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Kim HS, Ha J, et al. 2007 Anti-obesity effects of ginsenoside Rh2 are associated with the activation of AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocyte. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 364 1002–1008

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ichihashi M, Ueda M, Budiyanto A, Bito T, Oka M, Fukunaga M, Tsuru K and Horikawa T 2003 UV-induced skin damage. Toxicology 189 21–39

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ikehata H and Ono T 2011 The mechanisms of UV mutagenesis. J. Radiat. Res. 52 115–125

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins G 2002 Molecular mechanisms of skin ageing. Mech. Ageing. Develop. 123 801–810

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kähäri VM and Saarialho-Kere U 1997 Matrix metalloproteinases in skin. Exp. Dermatol. 6 199–213

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JA, Ahn BN, Kong CS and Kim SK 2012 Protective effect of chromene isolated from Sargassum horneri against UV-A-induced damage in skin dermal fibroblasts. Exp. Dermatol. 21 630–631

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kleiner DE and Stetler-Stevenson WG 1994 Quantitative zymography: detection of picogram quantities of gelatinases. Anal. Biochem. 218 325–329

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koźák I, Klisenbauer D and Juhás T 2003 UV-B induced production of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in human corneal cells. Physiol. Res. 52 229–234

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krolikiewicz-Renimel I, Michel T, Destandau E, Reddy M, André P, Elfakir C and Pichon C 2013 Protective effect of a Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. flowers extract against skin inflammation: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and matrix metalloproteinases inhibitory activities. J. Ethnopharmacol. 148 537–543

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee YM, Kim YK, Kim KH, Park SJ, Kim SJ and Chung JH 2009 A novel role for the TRPV1 channel in UV-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression in HaCaT cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 219 766–775

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Shimizu K, Yu H, Zhang C, Jin F and Kondo R 2010 Stereospecificity of hydroxyl group at C-20 in antiproliferative action of ginsenoside Rh2 on prostate cancer cells. Fitoterapia 81 902–905

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Shiono J, Shimizu K, Yu H, Zhang C, Jin F and Kondo R 2009 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2, not 20(S), is a selective osteoclastgenesis inhibitor without any cytotoxicity. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 19 3320–3323

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park EK, Choo MK, Kim EJ, Han MJ and Kim DH 2003 Antiallergic activity of ginsenoside Rh2. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 26 1581–1584

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park NH, Park JS, Kang YG, Bae JH, Lee HK, Yeom MH, Cho JC and Na YJ 2013 Soybean extract showed modulation of retinoic acid-related gene expression of skin and photo-protective effects in keratinocytes. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 35 136–142

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paz ML, González Maglio DH, Weill FS, Bustamante J and Leoni J 2008 Mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular stress progression after ultraviolet B irradiation in human keratinocytes. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 24 115–122

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pygmalion MJ, Ruiz L, Popovic E, Gizard J, Portes P, Marat X, Lucet-Levannier K, Muller B, et al. 2010 Skin cell protection against UVA by sideroxyl, a new antioxidant complementary to sunscreens. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 49 1629–1637

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quan T, Qin Z, Xia W, Shao Y, Voorhees JJ and Fisher GJ 2009 Matrix-degrading metalloproteinases in photoaging. J. Invest. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. 14 20–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rittié L and Fisher GJ 2002 UV-light-induced signal cascades and skin aging. Ageing Res. Rev. 1 705–720

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Royall JA and Ischiropoulos H 1993 Evaluation of 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescin and dihydrorhodamine 123 as fluorescent probes for intracellular H2O2 in cultured endothelial cells. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 302 348–355

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seité S, Colige A, Piquemal-Vivenot P, Montastier C, Fourtanier A, Lapière C and Nusgens B 2000 A full-UV spectrum absorbing daily use cream protects human skin against biological changes occurring in photoaging. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 16 147–155

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman MP, Aeberhard EE, Wong VZ, Griscavage JM and Ignarro LJ 1993 Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibits induction of nitric oxide synthase activity in rat alveolar macrophages. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 191 1301–1308

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trinh HT, Han SJ, Kim SW, Lee YC and Kim DH 2007 Bifidus fermentation increases hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of red ginseng. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 17 1127–1133

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Werb Z 1997 ECM and cell surface proteolysis: regulating cellular ecology. Cell 91 439–442

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang C, Yu H and Hou J 2011 Effects of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 on proliferation and apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 36 1670–1674

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Zhou F, Niu F, Lu M, Wu X, Sun J and Wang G 2012 Stereoselective regulations of P-glycoprotein by ginsenoside Rh2 epimers and the potential mechanisms from the view of pharmacokinetics. PLoS One 7 e35768

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by a grant of the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (Grant No. : A103017). This study was also supported by 2014 Research Grant from Kangwon National University (No. 120140161).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea

    Sun-Joo Oh

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea

    Sihyeong Lee, Woo-Yong Choi & Chang-Jin Lim

Authors
  1. Sun-Joo Oh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sihyeong Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Woo-Yong Choi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Chang-Jin Lim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chang-Jin Lim.

Additional information

Corresponding editor: B JAGADEESHWAR RAO

[Oh S-J, Lee S, Choi W-Y and Lim C-J 2014 Skin anti-photoaging properties of ginsenoside Rh2 epimers in UV-B-irradiated human keratinocyte cells. J. Biosci. 39 1–10] DOI 10.1007/s12038-014-9460-x

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Oh, SJ., Lee, S., Choi, WY. et al. Skin anti-photoaging properties of ginsenoside Rh2 epimers in UV-B-irradiated human keratinocyte cells. J Biosci 39, 673–682 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-014-9460-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-014-9460-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation