Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Polymer-based nanocomposites as defence material

  • Published:
Bulletin of Materials Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Nanotechnology has opened the doors for various novel defence applications, such as smart materials, novel fuel sources, energy storage devices, harder/lighter platforms and newer medical applications. Uses of composites instead of steel allow the possible assembling of lightweight aircraft, consequently reducing fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and fuel costs. Because of their enhanced mechanical, electrical and thermal properties, these polymer nanocomposites and materials have been found in several defence-related areas, such as the military, automobile, electronics, food and leisure. This overview aims to provide insight into the rapidly developing capabilities of lightweight nanofiller-reinforced polymer nanocomposite materials and explore their potential uses in various defence-related applications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. El-Fatatry A 2007 Defence applications in Loughborough Univ (United Kingdom)

  2. Altmann J 2004 Secur. Dialogue 35 61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Kladitis P E 2010 How small is too small true microrobots and nanorobots for military applications in 2035 in Air Command and Staff College, Air University Maxwell Air Force Base United State

  4. Tan Y J, Wu J, Li H and Tee B C K 2018 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10 15331

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Pinnavaia T J and Beall G W (eds) 2000 Polymer-clay nanocomposites (New York: Wiley) https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.882

    Book  Google Scholar 

  6. Harris P J 2004 Int. Mater. Rev. 49 31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Gay D E 1996 Encapsulated ferromagnetic particles suitable for high temperature use US Patents, 5,563,001

  8. Heilmann A 2003 Polymer films with embedded metal nanoparticles Springer Science & Business Media p 52

  9. Muisener P, Clayton L, D’Angelo J, Harmon J, Sikder A, Kumar A et al 2002 J. Mater. Res. 17 2507

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Sun S, Anders S, Hamann H F, Thiele J-U, Baglin J E E, Thomson T et al 2002 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 2884

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Oréfice R, Discacciati J, Neves A, Mansur H and Jansen W 2003 Polym. Test. 22 77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lagashetty A, Basavaraj S, Bedre M and Venkatarman A 2009 J. Metall. Mater. Sci. 51 297

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Vasil’kov A Y, Zachernyuk B, Karpikov Z, Volkov I, Zubavichus Y V, Veligzhanin A et al 2007 Russ. J. Appl. Chem. 80 2136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Singh K, Ohlan A, Kotnala R, Bakhshi A and Dhawan S 2008 Mater. Chem. Phys. 112 651

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ramdani N (ed) 2019 Polymer nanocomposites for advanced engineering and military applications (IGI Global, Pennsylvania)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  16. Verma M, Verma P, Dhawan S K and Choudhary V 2015 RSC Adv. 5 97349

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Fu Y, Michopoulos J and Song J-H 2015 J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 53 1292

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Vas J V and Thomas M J 2018 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 60 376

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Wang L, He X and Wilkie C A 2010 Materials 3 4580

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Rahman M M, Islam M, Roy R, Younis H, AlNahyan M and Younes H 2022 Lubricants 10 281

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Kanu N J, Gupta E, Vates U K and Singh G K 2021 Chapter Three -An insight into smart self-lubricating composites in Smart polymer nanocomposites S A Bhawani, A Khan and M Jawaid (eds.) (Woodhead Publishing) p 85–101 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819961-9.00012-8

  22. Peng T, Xiao R, Rong Z, Liu H, Hu Q, Wang S et al 2020 Chem. Asian J. 15 3915

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Earle M D and Earle R L 2000 Building the future on new products (Leatherhead: Leatherhead Food RA) Pub.

  24. Gerhard D, Brem A and Voigt K-I 2008 Int. J. Technol. Mark. 3 203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Sen M 2020 Nanotechnology and the environment (London: IntechOpen) p 1–12

    Book  Google Scholar 

  26. Pielichowski K and Pielichowska K 2019 Thermochim. Acta 675 140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Akpan EI, Shen X, Wetzel B and Friedrich K 2019 in Polymer composites with functionalized nanoparticles K Pielichowski and T M Majka (eds.) (Elsevier) p 47

  28. Harito C, Bavykin D V, Yuliarto B, Dipojono H K and Walsh F C 2019 Nanoscale 11 4653

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Harussani M M, Sapuan S M, Nadeem G, Rafin T and Kirubaanand W 2022 Def. Technol. 18 1281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Ebrahimi F, Hafezi P and Dabbagh A 2021 Def. Technol. 17 226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Arefi M, Tabatabaeian A and Mohammadi M 2021 Def. Technol. 17 64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Kumar J and Verma R K 2022 Def. Technol. 17 1671

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Singh K and Tripathi R P 2020 Curr. Med. Chem. 27 3386

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Singh K and Kulkarni S S 2022 J. Med. Chem. 65 8525

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Marchesan S and Prato M 2013 ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 4 147

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Jiang X, Lin M, Huang J, Mo M, Liu H, Jiang Y et al 2020 Front. Chem. 8 758

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Dixit A, Kumar N, Bag D S, Agarwal K, Sharma D K and Eswara Prasad N 2019 Adv. Mater. Lett. 10 431

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Agarwal K, Prasad M, Katiyar M, Kumar R and Prasad N E 2019 Silicon 11 1035

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Agarwal K, Prasad M, Sharma R and Setua D K 2014 Int. J. Energy Environ. Eng. 4 47

    Google Scholar 

  40. Agarwal K, Prasad M, Sharma R and Setua D 2011 Polym. Test. 30 155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Agarwal K, Setua D and Mathur G 2002 Def. Sci. J. 52 337

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Novakova A, Lanchinskaya V Y, Volkov A, Gendler T, Kiseleva T Y, Moskvina M et al 2003 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 258 354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Riggs B C, Adireddy S, Rehm C H, Puli V S, Elupula R and Chrisey D B 2015 Mater. Today Proc. 2 3853

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Wang B, Bai Y, Hu X and Lu P 2016 Compos. Sci. Technol. 127 149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Landman D 1986 Advances in the chemistry and applications of bismaleimides developments in reinforced plastics—5 (Berlin: Springer) p 39

    Google Scholar 

  46. Njuguna J and Pielichowski K 2004 Adv. Eng. Mater. 6 193

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. K. Schmidtke and Brandt J 2004 Polymer nanocomposites for aeronautic applications: from dream to reality? Personal communication

  48. Yadav R, Tirumali M, Wang X, Naebe M and Kandasubramanian B 2020 Def. Technol. 16 107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Kausar A 2022 J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater. https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057221139590

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Yadav G, Gupta S K, Singh K, Jaiswal R, Zacharia T J and Agarwal K 2022 Silicon. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-022-02212-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Manjunatha C M and Srihari S 2022 Trans. INAE 7 501

    Google Scholar 

  52. Mucha M, Krzyzak A, Kosicka E, Coy E, Kościński M, Sterzyński T et al 2020 Materials 13 2696

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Tam D, Ruan S, Gao P and Yu T 2012 High-performance ballistic protection using polymer nanocomposites Advances in military textiles and personal equipment (Sawston: Woodhead Publishing) p 213

    Google Scholar 

  54. Bogue R 2014 Assembl. Autom. 34 16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Mohd Nurazzi N, Asyraf M M, Khalina A, Abdullah N, Sabaruddin F A, Kamarudin S H et al 2021 Polymers 13 1047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Wu S, Sikdar P and Bhat G S 2022 Def. Technol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2022.06.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Dutta P, Chakravarty S and Sarma N S 2016 RSC Adv 6 3680

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Iijima S 1991 Nature 354 56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Dresselhaus M S, Dresselhaus G and Eklund P C 1996 Science of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes: their properties and applications (Amsterdam: Elsevier)

    Google Scholar 

  60. Fong H, Liu W, Wang C-S and Vaia R A 2002 Polymer 43 775

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Haggenmueller R, Gommans H, Rinzler A, Fischer J and Winey K 2000 Chem. Phys. Lett. 330 219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Haggenmueller R, Zhou W, Fischer J and Winey K 2003 J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 3 105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Huang J and Kaner R B 2004 Nat. Mater. 3 783

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Baughman R H, Zakhidov A A and De Heer W A 2002 Science 297 787

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Glatkowski P, Mack P, Conroy J, Piche J and Winsor P 2002 Electromagnetic shielding composite comprising nanotubes (Google Patents)

  66. Böhm J, Haußelt J, Henzi P, Litfin K and Hanemann T 2004 Adv. Eng. Mater. 6 52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Rapoport L, Nepomnyashchy O, Verdyan A, Popovitz-Biro R, Volovik Y, Ittah B et al 2004 Adv. Eng. Mater. 6 44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. An K H, Jeong S Y, Hwang H R and Lee Y H 2004 Adv. Mater. 16 1005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Siripurapu S, DeSimone J M, Khan S A and Spontak R J 2004 Adv. Mater. 16 989

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Pethrick R A 2010 in M Fan, C-P Huang, A E Bland, Z Wang, R Slimane and I Wright (eds) Environanotechnology (Amsterdam: Elsevier) p 213

  71. Nguyen M T and Diaz A F 1994 Adv. Mater. 6 858

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Sharon M, Pradhan D, Zacharia R and Puri V 2005 J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 5 2117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Bai X, Zhong D, Zhang G, Ma X, Liu S, Wang E et al 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 155

    Google Scholar 

  74. Jaiswal R, Agarwal K, Pratap V, Soni A, Kumar S, Mukhopadhyay K et al 2020 Mater. Sci. Eng. B 262 114711

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Jaiswal R, Agarwal K, Kumar R, Kumar R, Mukhopadhyay K and Prasad N E 2020 Soft Matter 16 6643

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Katiyar M, Prasad M, Agarwal K, Singh R K, Kumar A and Prasad N E 2018 Silicon 10 1831

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Katiyar M, Prasad M, Agarwal K, Singh R K, Kumar A and Prasad N E 2017 J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 36 754

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Smith J G Jr, Delozier D M, Connell J W and Watson K A 2004 Polymer 45 6133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Zeng J and Liu L 2004 J. Mater. Chem. 14 209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Charati S G, Dhara D, Elkovitch M, Ghosh S, Mutha N, Rajagopalan S et al 2005 Electrically conductive compositions and method of manufacture thereof. WO2005044862A2

  81. Mylvaganam K and Zhang L C 2007 Recent Pat. Nanotechnol. 1 59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Jiang L, He S and Yang D 2003 J. Mater. Res. 18 654

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Rich A, Collins P and Hagerstrom J 2002 in SAE 2002 World Congress & Exhibition p 2002

  84. DeLongchamp D M and Hammond P T 2004 Adv. Funct. Mater. 14 224

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Savage S 2004 Defence applications of nanocomposite materials (Swedish: Defence Research Agency Kista Sweden)

  86. Ostermayer D, Beyer F L, Dehmer P G and Klusewitz M A 2001 in Army Research Lab Aberdeen Proving Ground Md Weapons and Materials Research

  87. Wagner N J 2003 Novel flexible body armor utilizing shear thickening fluid (STF) composites in 14th International conference on composite materials (San Diego, CA)

  88. Lee Y S and Wagner N J 2003 Rheol. Acta 42 199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Lee Y S, Wetzel E D and Wagner N J 2003 J. Mater. Sci. 38 2825

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Wetzel E D, Lee Y, Egres R, Kirkwood K, Kirkwood J and Wagner N 2004 The effect of rheological parameters on the ballistic properties of shear thickening fluid (STF)‐kevlar composites in AIP conference proceedings. American Institute of Physics p 288

  91. Hahladakis J N, Velis C A, Weber R, Iacovidou E and Purnell P 2018 J. Hazard. Mater. 344 179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Gilman J W, Kashiwagi T and Lichtenhan J D 1997 Nanocomposites: a revolutionary new flame retardant approach in International sampe symposium and exhibition Sampe society for the advancement of material p 1078

  93. Kashiwagi T, Grulke E, Hilding J, Groth K, Harris R, Butler K et al 2004 Polymer 45 4227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Gentle T E and Baney R H 1992 MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) 274

  95. Koerner H, Price G, Pearce N A, Alexander M and Vaia R A 2004 Nat. Mater. 3 115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Gall K, Dunn M L, Liu Y, Finch D, Lake M and Munshi N A 2002 Acta Material. 50 5115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Courty S, Mine J, Tajbakhsh A and Terentjev E 2003 Europhys. Lett. 64 654

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Ounaies Z, Park C, Harrison J S, Holloway N M and Draughon G K 2008 Sensing/actuating materials made from carbon nanotube polymer composites and methods for making same US Patents 7,402,264

  99. Kong J, Franklin N R, Zhou C, Chapline M G, Peng S, Cho K et al 2000 Science 287 622

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Ajayan P, Lahiff E, Stryjek P, Ryu C Y and Curran S 2010 Embedded nanotube array sensor and method of making a nanotube polymer composite (US Patents) 7,673,521

  101. Agarwal K, Prasad M, Katiyar M, Jaiswal R, Kumar S and Prasad N E 2020 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 137 48645

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Hanif W W, Risby M and Noor M M 2015 Procedia Eng. 114 118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Taraghi I, Fereidoon A and Mohyeddin A 2014 Steel Compos. Struct. 17 825

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Rahman M, Hosur M, Zainuddin S, Vaidya U, Tauhid A, Kumar A et al 2013 Int. J. Impact Eng. 57 108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. Costa U O, Nascimento L F C, Garcia J M, Monteiro S N, Luz F S D, Pinheiro W A et al 2019 Polymers 11 1356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  106. Bizao R A, Machado L D, de Sousa J M, Pugno N M and Galvao D S 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Liang J-Z, Du Q, Tsui GC-P and Tang C-Y 2016 Compos Part B Eng. 95 166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Domun N, Hadavinia H, Zhang T, Liaghat G, Vahid S, Spacie C et al 2017 Nanocomposites 3 85

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Rafiq A, Merah N, Boukhili R and Al-Qadhi M 2017 Polym. Test 57 1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Simić D M, Stojanović D B, Dimić M, Mišković K, Marjanović M, Burzić Z et al 2019 Compos. Part B Eng. 176 107222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. da Silva Chagas N P, de Oliveira Aguiar V, da Costa Garcia Filho F, da Silva Figueiredo AB-H, Monteiro S N, Huaman N R C et al 2022 J. Mater. Res. Technol. 17 1799

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Xia C, Zhang S, Ren H, Shi S Q, Zhang H, Cai L et al 2015 Materials 9 10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. Hihara L and Latanision R 1994 Int. Mater. Rev. 39 245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Hu D, Xing Y, Chen M, Gu B, Sun B and Li Q 2017 Compos. Sci. Technol. 141 137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Lee W J, Clancy A J, Fernández-Toribio J C, Anthony D B, White E R, Solano E et al 2019 Carbon 146 162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Marriam I, Xu F, Tebyetekerwa M, Gao Y, Liu W, Liu X et al 2018 Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manufact. 110 1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Al-Saleh M H and Sundararaj U 2012 J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 46 035304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  118. Liu Y, Song D, Wu C and Leng J 2014 Compos. Part B Eng. 63 34

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Yan D-X, Ren P-G, Pang H, Fu Q, Yang M-B and Li Z-M 2012 J. Mater. Chem. 22 18772

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Chen Y, Wang Y, Zhang H-B, Li X, Gui C-X and Yu Z-Z 2015 Carbon 82 67

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Chen Y-J, Dung N D, Li Y-A, Yip M-C, Hsu W-K and Tai N-H 2011 Diam. Rel. Mater. 20 1183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  122. Singh K, Ohlan A, Pham V H, Balasubramaniyan R, Varshney S, Jang J et al 2013 Nanoscale 5 2411

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

K Singh and R Jaiswal are thankful to the DRDO for providing the Research Associate fellowship. We sincerely thank Dr N Eswara Prasad, Director of DMSRDE, and Dr Debmalya Roy, Scientist F, for providing the facility. We also thank Sandeep Sahu for the initial drafting.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. DRDO Defence Material and Stores Research and Development Establishment, Kanpur, 208013, India

    Kartikey Singh, Rimpa Jaiswal, Rakesh Kumar, Subham Singh & Kavita Agarwal

  2. Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48202, USA

    Kartikey Singh

  3. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085, India

    Rimpa Jaiswal

Authors
  1. Kartikey Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rimpa Jaiswal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rakesh Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Subham Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Kavita Agarwal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kavita Agarwal.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Singh, K., Jaiswal, R., Kumar, R. et al. Polymer-based nanocomposites as defence material. Bull Mater Sci 46, 79 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-023-02932-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-023-02932-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation