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Silicon-based qubit technology: progress and future prospects

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Abstract

Pathbreaking advancements in the field of nanofabrication techniques have put qubit technology at the forefront of quantum computation. Thanks to Silicon (Si) with its unparalleled strong foundation in the existing classical computation, it is considered to be a promising candidate for the development of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor compatible quantum architecture. This review article vividly describes the underlying physics of the qubit operation in quantum dots. Further, the article gives an overview of the current state of the art technology and the remarkable progress made in the field of charge and spin qubits in Si and allied heterostructures in the last two decades. Emphasis has been given to address the challenges and the accomplishments made so far in the field of Si-based charge and spin qubit technology. The article also discusses the future prospects of qubit technology and the measures being adopted worldwide for the physical realization of envisioned quantum devices.

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Copyright 2013 by the American Physical Society.

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Copyright 2020, Springer Nature.

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Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society.

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Copyright 2021, Springer Nature.

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Copyright 2021, Springer Nature.

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source and drain contacts are shown in yellow and the top gate 1 and gate 2 in green, and the side gate is shown in violet. The thin gate oxide layer underneath is shown in orange colour and the buried oxide of the SOI wafer is displayed in blue, (b) False coloured SEM image of the device (top-view). (c) Schematic of the cross-sectional view of the device (along the dashed line in b), with the spacer layer of SiN shown in grey colour. The cross-sectional view of the Si NW (yellow background) displays a colour gradient mapping of the square of the tight-binding wavefunction. Reprinted with permission [81]. Copyright 2018, Springer Nature.

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source to drain voltage of 2 mV. Reproduced with permission [88]. Copyright 2018, Springer Nature.

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Copyright 2017, Springer Nature.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO), New Delhi, India, for the financial support. SD is thankful to the Grand Challenge Project, IIT Delhi, for providing the financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Applied Research in Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Wasi Uddin, Biswajit Khan & Samaresh Das

  2. School of Interdisciplinary Research, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Sheetal Dewan

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  1. Wasi Uddin
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Correspondence to Samaresh Das.

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Uddin, W., Khan, B., Dewan, S. et al. Silicon-based qubit technology: progress and future prospects. Bull Mater Sci 45, 46 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-021-02621-0

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