Abstract
Cancer stands as the reigning champion of life-threatening diseases, casting a shadow with the highest global mortality rate. Unleashing the power of early cancer treatment is a vital weapon in the battle for efficient and positive outcomes. Yet, conventional screening procedures wield limitations of exorbitant costs, time-consuming endeavors, and impracticality for repeated testing. Enter bio-marker-based cancer diagnostics, which emerge as a formidable force in the realm of early detection, disease progression assessment, and ultimate cancer therapy. These remarkable devices boast a reputation for their exceptional sensitivity, streamlined setup requirements, and lightning fast response times. In this study, we embark on a captivating exploration of the most recent advancements and enhancements in the field of electrochemical marvels, targeting the detection of numerous cancer biomarkers. With each breakthrough, we inch closer to a future where cancer’s grip on humanity weakens, guided by the promise of personalized treatment and improved patient outcomes. Together, we unravel the mysteries that cancer conceals and illuminate a path toward triumph against this daunting adversary. This study celebrates the relentless pursuit of progress, where electrochemical innovations take center stage in the quest for a world free from the clutches of carcinoma.
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Data availability
All data is available in the script.
Abbreviations
- AFP::
-
alpha-fetoprotein
- CA125::
-
cancer antigen 125
- CA15-3::
-
cancer antigen 15–3
- CEA::
-
carcinoembryonic antigen
- PSA::
-
prostate-specific antigen
- WHO::
-
world health organization
- EBs::
-
electrochemical biosensors
- PCR::
-
polymerase chain reaction
- RIA::
-
radioimmunoassay
- ELISA::
-
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- HPLC::
-
high-performance liquid chromatography
- PSA::
-
prostate-specific antigen
- RF::
-
radio frequency
- MW::
-
microwave
- mmW::
-
millimeter wave
- THz::
-
tetrahertz
- EIS::
-
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
- DDPpy::
-
DNA dendrimers and polypyrrole
- ITO::
-
indium-tin oxide
- DNA::
-
deoxyribonucleic acid
- CV::
-
cyclic voltammogram
- EIS::
-
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
- GLC::
-
gas liquid chromatography VI
- ROS::
-
reactive oxygen species
- LPO::
-
lipid per oxidation
- H2O2::
-
hydrogen peroxide
- dsDNA::
-
double-strand DNA
- ssDNA::
-
single-strand DNA
- SPGEs::
-
screen-printed gold electrodes
- BESs::
-
bio-electrochemical systems
- HPLC::
-
high-performance liquid chromatography
- GC–MS::
-
gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
- LC–MS::
-
liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
- AFM::
-
atomic force microscopy
- SEM::
-
scanning electron microscopy
- TEM::
-
transmission electron microscopy
- US EPA::
-
U.S. environmental protection agency
- IARC::
-
international agency for research on cancer
- SAW::
-
surface acoustic wave
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The authors would like to thank the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, for their ardent encouragement of their current project.
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Mustafa, S.K., Khan, M.F., Sagheer, M. et al. Advancements in biosensors for cancer detection: revolutionizing diagnostics. Med Oncol 41, 73 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-023-02297-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-023-02297-y