Abstract
Stemness pertains to the intrinsic ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to undergo self-renewal and differentiate into multiple lineages, while simultaneously impeding their differentiation and preserving crucial differentiating genes in a state of quiescence and equilibrium. Owing to their favorable attributes, including uncomplicated isolation protocols, ethical compliance, and ease of procurement, MSCs have become a focal point of inquiry in the domains of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. As age increases or ex vivo cultivation is prolonged, the functionality of MSCs decreases and their stemness gradually diminishes, thereby limiting their potential therapeutic applications. Despite the existence of several uncertainties surrounding the comprehension of MSC stemness, considerable advancements have been achieved in the clarification of the potential mechanisms that lead to stemness loss, as well as the associated strategies for stemness maintenance. This comprehensive review provides a systematic overview of the factors influencing the preservation of MSC stemness, the molecular mechanisms governing it, the strategies for its maintenance, and the therapeutic potential associated with stemness. Finally, we underscore the obstacles and prospective avenues in present investigations, providing innovative perspectives and opportunities for the preservation and therapeutic utilization of MSC stemness.
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Data Availability
All data (or sources thereof) relevant to this study are included in the article; further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author/s.
Abbreviations
- MSCs:
-
Mesenchymal stem cells
- BMSCs:
-
Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow
- ADSCs:
-
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- D-ASCs:
-
Mesenchymal stem cells derived from diabetic patients
- UCMSCs:
-
Mesenchymal stem cells derived from the umbilical cord
- WJ-MSCs:
-
Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells
- ABMSCs:
-
Alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stromal cells
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- NHE1:
-
The sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1
- ESCs:
-
Embryonic stem cells
- EPCAM:
-
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule
- EPMC:
-
Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate
- NF-κB:
-
The nuclear factor κB
- HuR:
-
Human antigen R
- snoRNPs:
-
Nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles
- SNORA7A:
-
Small nucleolar RNA 7A
- DDR:
-
The DNA damage response
- ASA:
-
Ascorbic acid
- DMOG:
-
Dimethyloxallyl glycine
- CREB1:
-
cAMP response element-binding protein 1
- DPSCs:
-
Dental pulp stem cells
- TSA:
-
Trichostatin A
- OGC:
-
Octanoyl glycol chitosan
- NsPEF:
-
Nanosecond pulsed electric fields
- ECM:
-
The extracellular matrix
- dECM:
-
Decellularized extracellular matrix
- MS1:
-
Mile Sven1
- PFB-F-GLU:
-
Glucosamine-based supramolecular hydrogel
- SCDS:
-
Single-cell-derived spheres
- iPSC:
-
Induced pluripotent stem cell
- FGF:
-
Fibroblast growth factor
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Jiang, N., Tian, X., Wang, Q. et al. Regulation Mechanisms and Maintenance Strategies of Stemness in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev and Rep 20, 455–483 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-023-10658-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-023-10658-3