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Theoretical Health Risk Assessment Based on Potentially Toxic Element Profiling of Cosmetic Products in Istanbul Street Bazaars

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Abstract

Toxic elements that pose a potential threat to human health are found as impurities in various cosmetic products. In this study, the inorganic profile of 19 elements (Li, B, Mg, Al, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb, Ba, Hg, and Pb) in 90 cosmetic products (lipsticks, lip glosses, lip pencils and eye shadows) were detected by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry after microwave acid digestion method and hazard indices (HI) of 9 toxic elements (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Co, As, Hg, Sb, and Al) were calculated for the assessment of theoretical health risk. Satisfactory method performance parameters were found for each analyte. The results were compared with the maximum permissible limits set by regulatory agencies; 38 of 41 lip products (92.68%) and all eye shadows (n = 49) exceeded the established limits. The HI was found to be ≥ 1 in 82.76% of lip products for oral exposure, whereas HI was ≤ 1 for dermal exposure in all lip products (n = 41) and only one eye shadow sample was ≥ 1 (2.04%). Remarkable results were also detected for 19 elements in this study, which conducted a comprehensive inorganic profiling for the first time. Wide-range concentrations of Mg, Al, Ba, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Sr elements were remarkable. HI values were firstly brought out in this study, although Al, as a well-known toxic element, has not been listed in regulations yet. In conclusion, it is obviously seen that continuous monitoring of cosmetics is crucial not only for toxic elements but also for other essential or non-toxic elements to prevent consumers from long-term exposure.

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Data Availability

The data collected and analyzed for this study can be shared upon request.

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Funding

This study was financially supported by Scientific Research Projects Fund of Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa with the project numbered FDP-2019–32891.

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  1. Istanbul University- Cerrahpaşa Institute of Forensic Sciences and Legal Medicine, Department of Science, Istanbul University- Cerrahpaşa, 34500, Buyukcekmece, Istanbul, Türkiye

    Selda Mercan, Simge Zengin, Mihriban Dilan Kilic & Murat Yayla

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  1. Selda Mercan
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  2. Simge Zengin
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  3. Mihriban Dilan Kilic
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Contributions

Selda Mercan: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing review &editing, Supervision, Project administration. Simge Zengin: Data collection, Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal Analysis, Writing. Mihriban Dilan Kilic: Data collection, Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal Analysis, Writing. Murat Yayla: Data curation, Validation, Formal Analysis.

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Correspondence to Selda Mercan.

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Mercan, S., Zengin, S., Kilic, M.D. et al. Theoretical Health Risk Assessment Based on Potentially Toxic Element Profiling of Cosmetic Products in Istanbul Street Bazaars. Biol Trace Elem Res 202, 1816–1828 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03791-0

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