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The Antioxidant Activity of Betanin protects MRC-5 cells Against Cadmium Induced Toxicity

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Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) can induce both acute and chronic effects in the lungs depending on the time and the exposure route. Betanin is a component derived from the roots of red beets and it is well-known for its antioxidant and anti-apoptosis effects. The current study aimed to survey the protective effects of betanin on cell toxicity induced by Cd. Different concentration of Cd alone and in combination with betanin was assessed in MRC-5 cells. The viability and oxidative stress were measured using resazurin and DCF-DA methods respectively. Apoptotic cells were assessed by PI staining of the fragmented DNA and western blot analysis detected the activation of caspase 3 and PARP proteins. Cd exposure for 24 h declined viability and increased ROS production in MRC-5 cells compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Also, Cd (35 μM) elevated DNA fragmentation (p < 0.05), and the level of caspase 3-cleaved and cleaved PARP proteins in MRC-5 cells (p < 0.001). Co-treatment of cells with betanin for 24 h significantly enhanced viability in concentrations of 1.25 and 2.5 μM (p < 0.001) and 5 μM (p < 0.05) and declined ROS generation (1.25 and 5 μM p < 0.001, and 2.5 μM p < 0.01). As well as, betanin reduced DNA fragmentation (p < 0.01), and the markers of apoptosis (p < 0.001) compared to the Cd-treated group. In conclusion, betanin protects lung cells against Cd-induced toxicity through antioxidant activity and inhibition of apoptosis.

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Data Availability

Data and materials supporting the results are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author Zahra Tayarani-Najaran (Tayaraninz@mums.ac.ir).

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Funding

This work was supported by the Vice Chancellor of Research, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 9188617871, Mashhad, Iran

    Fatemeh Rajabian & Zahra Tayarani-Najaran

  2. Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Fatemeh Rajabian

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Arezoo Rajabian

  4. Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Zahra Tayarani-Najaran

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  1. Fatemeh Rajabian
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Zahra Tayarani-Najaran designed the research study, organized and led the project, reviewing and edited. Fatemeh Rajabian wrote the manuscript, performed experiments, and collected and analyzed the data. Arezoo Rajabian wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Rajabian, F., Rajabian, A. & Tayarani-Najaran, Z. The Antioxidant Activity of Betanin protects MRC-5 cells Against Cadmium Induced Toxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 5183–5191 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03662-8

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