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The protective effects of chrysin on cadmium-induced pulmonary toxicity; a multi-biomarker approach

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Abstract

This study aimed to determine the potential protective effects of chrysin (CHR) on experimental cadmium (Cd)-induced lung toxicity in rats. To this end, rats were divided into five groups; Control, CHR, Cd, Cd + CHR25, Cd + CHR50. In the study, rats were treated with CHR (oral gavage, 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) 30 min after giving Cd (oral gavage, 25 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days. The effects of Cd and CHR treatments on oxidative stress, inflammatory response, ER stress, apoptosis and tissue damage in rat lung tissues were determined by biochemical and histological methods. Our results revealed that CHR therapy for Cd-administered rats could significantly reduce MDA levels in lung tissue while significantly increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) and GSH levels. CHR agent exerted antiinflammatory effect by lowering elevated levels of NF-κB, IL-1β IL-6, TNF-α, RAGE and NRLP3 in Cd-induced lung tissue. Moreover CHR down-regulated Cd-induced ER stress markers (PERK, IRE1, ATF6, CHOP, and GRP78) and apoptosis markers (Caspase-3, Bax) lung tissue. CHR up-regulated the Bcl-2 gene, an anti-apoptotic marker. Besides, CHR attenuated the side effects caused by Cd by modulating histopathological changes such as hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, thickening of the alveolar wall and collagen increase. Immunohistochemically, NF-κB and Caspase-3 expressions were intense in the Cd group, while these expressions were decreased in the Cd + CHR groups. These results suggest that CHR exhibits protective effects against Cd-induced lung toxicity in rats by ameliorating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and histological changes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey

    Nurhan Akaras

  2. Department of Animal Science, Horasan Vocational College, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey

    Mustafa Ileriturk

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey

    Cihan Gur & Sefa Kucukler

  4. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey

    Mehmet Oz

  5. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey

    Fatih Mehmet Kandemir

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  1. Nurhan Akaras
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  3. Cihan Gur
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  4. Sefa Kucukler
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  6. Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by [Nurhan Akaras], [Mustafa Ileriturk], [Cihan Gur], [Sefa Kucukler], [Mehmet Oz] and [Fatih Mehmet Kandemir]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [Nurhan Akaras] and [Cihan Gur] and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nurhan Akaras.

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The study was approved by Necmettin Erbakan University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee (no. 2022–55).

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Akaras, N., Ileriturk, M., Gur, C. et al. The protective effects of chrysin on cadmium-induced pulmonary toxicity; a multi-biomarker approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 89479–89494 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28747-8

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