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Longer-Term Adverse Effects of Selenate Exposures on Hematological and Serum Biochemical Variables in Air-Breathing Fish Channa punctata (Bloch, 1973) and Non-air Breathing Fish Ctenopharyngodon Idella (Cuvier, 1844): an Integrated Biomarker Response Approach

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Abstract

To examine the spectrum of selenium toxicity between hardy and less hardy species of the same life stages, short-term and longer-term exposures in juvenile air-breathing fish Channa punctata (Bloch, 1973) and non-air-breathing fish Ctenopharyngodon idella (Cuvier, 1844) were assessed. Acute exposures revealed a greater 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) for C. punctata (14.67 mg/l) compared to C. idella (7.98 mg/l). During their chronic exposure, both fishes’ hemoglobin content (Hb), red blood cells (RBC), and hematocrit (HCT) markedly decreased (p < 0.05), although their clotting time (CT) significantly increased. At 96 h, immune-modulation was observed where total protein and serum globulin levels in both fishes considerably decreased (p < 0.05) compared to the first exposure at 0 days, although total glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and albumin levels in both fishes significantly increased (p < 0.05) at 30 days. The lower cholesterol levels in C. punctata compared to C. idella are suggestive of a disrupted cholesterol transformation pathway. The greater total protein, triglyceride, albumin, and globulin levels in C. punctata compared to C. idella are suggestive of a comparatively robust immune capacity. In essence, selenium toxicity in the wild could manifest as disrupted metabolic pathways and downregulated immune capacity for less hardy species. In general, both fish species displayed significant alterations in their hematological and biochemical responses with increased exposure duration and elevated toxicant concentrations. This comparative investigation could improve the knowledge-spectrum of selenium toxicity in the wild as well as an understanding of secondary stress responses critically evident in hematological and biochemical parameters.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Department of Zoology at Barasat Government College and The University of Burdwan for providing lab space and infrastructure for this study. The authors are also grateful to the West Bengal Government’s Directorate of Fisheries for allowing one of the authors (Dr. K. Dhara) to conduct the experiment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Sundarban Hazi Desarat College, Pathankhali, South 24 Parganas, 743611, West Bengal, India

    Shubhajit Saha

  2. Freshwater Fisheries Research & Training Centre, Directorate of Fisheries, Kulia, Kalyani, Nadia, 741 251, West Bengal, India

    Kishore Dhara

  3. College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University (I), Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India

    Prasenjit Pal

  4. Fishery and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Purba Barddhaman, West Bengal, India

    Nimai Chandra Saha

  5. Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

    Caterina Faggio

  6. National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), Osogbo, Osun, Nigeria

    Azubuike V. Chukwuka

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Contributions

Conceptualization: SS, KD, and NCS; methodology: SS and KD; software: SS and PP; formal analysis: SS and AVC; investigation, SS and KD; resources, NCS and KD; data curation, SS and AVC; writing—original draft preparation: SS and AVC; writing—review and editing: SS and AVC; supervision: NCS. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Caterina Faggio.

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Saha, S., Dhara, K., Pal, P. et al. Longer-Term Adverse Effects of Selenate Exposures on Hematological and Serum Biochemical Variables in Air-Breathing Fish Channa punctata (Bloch, 1973) and Non-air Breathing Fish Ctenopharyngodon Idella (Cuvier, 1844): an Integrated Biomarker Response Approach. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 3497–3512 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03449-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-022-03449-3

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