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Disparities in Trace Metal Levels in Hodgkin/Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients in Comparison with Controls

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Abstract

Lymphoma arises from cells of the immune system and trace metals augment the immune system and their imbalance may promote immunological disorders including tumorigenesis. The primary aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the levels of essential/toxic trace metals in the nails of non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphomas patients in comparison with controls. The samples collected from patients and controls were digested in the mixture of HNO3-HClO4 and selected trace metals were analysed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that mean concentrations of some elements (Pb, Ni, Cd, Cu and Cr) in nails of non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) than that of the controls whereas mean contents of Pb, Cu, Cd and Cr were observed to be significantly higher in the nails of Hodgkin lymphoma patients compared with healthy donors. Additionally, correlation study pointed out significantly diverse mutual associations of the trace metals among the patients and controls. The present results revealed noticeable disparities in the metal concentrations based on gender, food habits, tobacco use and types/stages of the donor’s groups. Overall, the pathogenesis of disease significantly affected the trace metal balance in both patients’ groups.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the patients as well as the administrations/staff of Nuclear Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute (NORI), Islamabad, for their invaluable help during the sample collection.

Funding

This study was financially supported by the Higher Education Commission, Government of Pakistan. Financial and technical help was also provided by Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Muhammad Abdul Qayyum

  2. Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan

    Munir Hussain Shah

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  1. Muhammad Abdul Qayyum
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Correspondence to Munir Hussain Shah.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee (Ethical Review Committee, NORI, Islamabad REF. NO. QAUC-2009-A98) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Qayyum, M.A., Shah, M.H. Disparities in Trace Metal Levels in Hodgkin/Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients in Comparison with Controls. Biol Trace Elem Res 194, 34–47 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-01746-y

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