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The Co-induced Effects of Molybdenum and Cadmium on Antioxidants and Heat Shock Proteins in Duck Kidneys

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Abstract

Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential element for human beings and animals; however, high dietary intake of Mo can lead to adverse reactions. Cadmium (Cd) is harmful to health. To investigate the toxicity of Mo combined with Cd in duck kidneys, 240 ducks were randomly divided into six groups and treated with a commercial diet containing Mo, Cd or Mo combined with Cd. Kidneys were collected on days 30, 60, 90 and 120 for determining the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), including HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 in the kidney through quantitative RT-PCR. We also determined the antioxidant activity indexes in the kidney mitochondria. Moreover, kidney tissues at 120 days were subjected to histopathological analysis with the optical microscope. The results indicated that the expression of HSPs was highly significantly (P < 0.01) upregulated in the kidneys of the combination groups and the Cd group. Exposure to Cd and a high dose of Mo decreased the total antioxidative capacity and the activity of xanthine oxidase, while malondialdehyde levels and the activity of nitric oxide synthase increased compared with those of the control groups in the kidney mitochondria. This was particularly evident at 90 and 120 days. Histopathological lesions included congestion and bleeding in the renal interstitium, swelling of the distal convoluted tubule epithelial cells, granular degeneration and blister degeneration in the renal tubular epithelial cells. These results suggest that a combination of Mo and Cd leads to greater tissue damage and has a synergistic effect on kidney damage. Oxidative damage of kidney mitochondria may be a potential nephrotoxicity mechanism of molybdenum and cadmium, and the high expression of HSPs may play a role in the resistance of kidney toxicity induced by Mo and Cd.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31260625). All authors thank all members of the research group in the clinical veterinary medicine laboratory in the College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, for help in the experimental process. The authors thank Elsevier English Language Editing System to correct grammatical, spelling and other common errors.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, People’s Republic of China

      Bing Xia, Huabin Cao, Junrong Luo, Ping Liu, Xiaoquan Guo, Guoliang Hu & Caiying Zhang

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    1. Bing Xia
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    2. Huabin Cao
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    Correspondence to Guoliang Hu or Caiying Zhang.

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    All authors have read the manuscript and agreed to submit it in its current form for consideration for publication in the Journal.

    Bing Xia and Huabin Cao contributed equally to this work.

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    Xia, B., Cao, H., Luo, J. et al. The Co-induced Effects of Molybdenum and Cadmium on Antioxidants and Heat Shock Proteins in Duck Kidneys. Biol Trace Elem Res 168, 261–268 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0348-x

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