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Dietary exposure to polyvinyl chloride microparticles induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

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Abstract

The present study investigated the effects of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microparticles (MP) on hepatic antioxidant enzymes activities, serum biochemical and liver histology of juvenile Clarias gariepinus. A total of 180 (25.15 g average weight) C. gariepinus were fed PVC MP (95.41 ± 4.23 μm) spiked diets at 0.5, 1.5, 3.0 percentage inclusion levels and a control diet for 45 days of exposure, then followed by 30 days of depuration trials. Fish specimens (9) from each treatment were sampled every 15-day interval for serum biochemical, liver antioxidant enzymes and histopathological assay. Glucose and triglyceride levels increased significantly in PVC-treated groups when compared with the control. Protein levels of 0.5% and 3.0% PVC-treated groups reduced significantly on the 15th and 30th day exposure periods, while serum enzyme activities of all PVC-treated groups increased significantly in a time-dependent manner. Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase) activity in the liver of the treated groups also decreased progressively in a time-dependent manner. A time-dependent elevation in lipid peroxidation levels was observed in PVC MP-treated groups. Histopathological assessment of the fish liver showed mild to severe levels of glycogen depletion, fatty vacuolation and degeneration, hepatocellular necrosis in PVC-treated groups with reference to the control. The present study revealed that PVC microplastic induced oxidative damage and hepatic histopathological alterations in the exposed fish.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to the Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka for their support during the conceptualization of the study. Prof. Dr. Johnny Ogunji is appreciated for critiquing the manuscript.

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This research was supported by Tertiary Education Trust Fund, (TETfund, AE-FUNAI/AST &D/2018/2019) Nigeria.

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  1. Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi, Nigeria

    Stanley C. Iheanacho

  2. Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria

    Stanley C. Iheanacho & Gregory E. Odo

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Iheanacho, S.C., Odo, G.E. Dietary exposure to polyvinyl chloride microparticles induced oxidative stress and hepatic damage in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 21159–21173 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08611-9

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