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Effect of Lanthanum on Rooting of In Vitro Regenerated Shoots of Saussurea involucrata Kar. et Kir

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Abstract

In present study, the effect of lanthanum (La) on the rooting of regenerated shoots of Saussurea involucrata Kar. et Kir was analyzed. Rooting occurred from regenerated shoots inoculated on a medium supplemented with La, the plant rooting hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), or both La and IAA together. The highest rooting efficiency (96%), root number/shoot (8.5), and root length (63 mm) were recorded in shoots cultured on medium containing 2.5 μM IAA combined with 100 μM La3+. In order to elucidate the mechanism of rooting enhancement by La, we examined dynamic changes in antioxidant enzyme activities in plant tissue over time in culture. We found that the activities of peroxidase (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly higher in plant tissue cultured in IAA plus La than in La or IAA alone. At the same time, the highest H2O2 content was detected in plant tissue in the presence of 2.5 μM IAA plus 100 μM La3+. In light of these data and previous results, we speculate that La enhanced IAA-induced rooting by acting as a mild abiotic stress to stimulate POX and SOD activities in plant cells. Then, IAA reacted with oxygen and POX to form the ternary complex enzyme–IAA–O2 that dissociated into IAA radicals and O –2 . Subsequently, IAA-induced O –2 readily converted to hydroxyl radical (HO·) via SOD-catalyzed dismutation. Finally, cell wall loosening and cell elongation occurred as a consequence of HO-dependent scission of wall components, leading to root growth. The treatment of IAA combined with La resulted in the highest plantlet survival (80%) compared to single treatments with IAA or La alone. These data suggest that rare earth elements enhance root morphogenesis and the growth of S. involucrata.

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Acknowledgements

We greatly appreciate Prof. Liu CZ (National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences) for indispensable support during this study. This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31000144); The Planned Science and Technology Project of Xi’an City, China (CXY1134WL27); Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University) (08JZ72); Specialized Foundation of Department of Education of Shaanxi Province, PR China (09JK746).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education; School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China

    Bin Guo, Zhen-Jun Guan & Ya-Hui Wei

  2. Department of Life Science, Xi’an University of Arts and Science, Xi’an, 710065, China

    Ling-Ling Xu

  3. Department of Life Science, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, 044000, China

    Zhen-Jun Guan

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  1. Bin Guo
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  4. Ya-Hui Wei
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Correspondence to Ya-Hui Wei.

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Guo, B., Xu, LL., Guan, ZJ. et al. Effect of Lanthanum on Rooting of In Vitro Regenerated Shoots of Saussurea involucrata Kar. et Kir. Biol Trace Elem Res 147, 334–340 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-012-9326-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-012-9326-8

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