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Pragmatic Treatment Strategies for Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Remediation and Anti-biofouling from Surfaces Using Nano-enzymes: a Review

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Abstract

In this review, two important environmental pollutants have been considered for its potential remediation using microbial-derived nano-enzymes. Firstly, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the major industrial contaminants in the environment due to their ubiquitous occurrence, toxicity, and proclivity for bioaccumulation. Secondly, biofouling due to biofilm-forming organisms that impact tremendous economic and environmental consequences in many industries, especially marine vessels where it causes an increase in hydrodynamic drag, which results in a loss of ship speed at constant power or a power increase to maintain the same speed with higher fuel consumption and emissions into the atmosphere, particularly Green House Gases (GHGs). Among the remediation strategies, biological routes are found to be promising, efficient, and sustainable. Natural ligninolytic enzymes such as MnP, LiP, laccase, peroxidases, and polysaccharide and protein degradative enzymes are found to be highly efficient for PAH degradation and antifouling respectively. However, large-scale usage of these enzymes is difficult due to various reasons like their poor stability, adaptation, and high-cost production of these enzymes. In recent years, the use of nanoparticles, particularly nano-enzymes, is found to be an innovative and synergistic approach to detoxify contaminated areas with concomitant maintenance of enzyme stability.

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modified from Pedroso-Santana and Fleitas-Salazar (2020) [21])

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Funding

We are grateful to the Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur for the financial and infrastructure support to carry out the research work. AK thanks the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), New Delhi for the financial support (Grant No. BT/PR31154/PBD/26/762/2019) to complete this manuscript.

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu Dist, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India

    Rajesh Khanna Ramya, Karthikeyan Theraka, Swaminathan Viji Ramprasadh, Sundaramoorthy Vijaya Bharathi, S. Srinivasan & Samuel Jacob

  2. Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India

    Arindam Kuila

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RKR, KT, SVR, SVB, and SS involved in literature collection, drafting the manuscript, and illustration preparations. AK provided valuable inputs towards the enzymology aspects of pollutant and critical suggestions of manuscript improvement. SJ is responsible for completion of the manuscript.

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Ramya, R.K., Theraka, K., Ramprasadh, S.V. et al. Pragmatic Treatment Strategies for Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Remediation and Anti-biofouling from Surfaces Using Nano-enzymes: a Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 195, 5479–5496 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-022-03848-1

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